Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Prolonged chronic stressors activate..
|
Hypothalamus
|
|
|
|
The hypothalamus then stimulates the release of..
|
Corticotrophin-releasing hormone into bloodstream
|
|
|
|
Corticotrophin-releasing hormone stimulates the..
|
Pituitary gland
|
|
|
|
The pituitary gland then releases..
|
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) into the bloodstream
|
|
|
|
ACTH travels to the..
|
Adrenal cortex in adrenal gland
|
|
|
|
The adrenal cortex releases..
|
Cortisol
|
|
|
|
What is cortisol?
|
1) Type of corticosteroid
2) Stress-related hormone |
|
|
|
What does the production of cortisol enable?
|
1) Steady supply of blood sugar
2) Capability to tolerate more pain |
|
|
|
How is a steady supply of blood sugar beneficial?
|
1) Provides individual with a constant source of energy which allows body to deal with stressor
2) Helps return body back to normal state |
|
|
|
What are the disadvantages of cortisol?
|
1) Leads to impaired cognitive ability
2) Reduces immune system performance |
|
|
|
How does cortisol affect cognitive ability?
|
Hippocampus has difficulty recalling and encoding memories
Hippocampus doesn't get enough energy as it's being given to the surrounding muscles |
|
|
|
What does a reduced immune system lead to?
|
Susceptibility to stress-related illnesses
|
|
|
|
What are examples of stress-related illnesses?
|
Influenza, herpes, chronic-fatigue disorder
|
|
|
|
What is the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal system?
|
1) Bodily system
2) Responds to chronic, long-term stressors 3) Comprised of: - Hypothalamus - Pituitary gland - Adrenal glands |
|
|
|
Research into the pituitary adrenal system
Outline Heim et al. (2000) |
- Found women sexually abused as kids displayed increased pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress
- Measured by ACTH and cortisol levels |
1) Childhood abuse
2) Stress-responses 3) ACTH and cortisol |
|
|
Research into the pituitary adrenal system
What does the Heim et al. study suggest? |
1) Pituitary-adrenal system is abnormally active: excessive secretion of corticotrophin-releasing hormone is a consequence of childhood abuse
2) CRF-receptor antagonists could be used to prevent/treat abnormal conditions related to early life stress |
1) Hyperactivity, hyper-secretion
2) Blocks receptor sites for CRH thus blocking constant secretions of cortisol and ACTH |
|
|
Research into the pituitary-adrenal system
Outline the study of Newcomer et. al (1999) |
1) Participants given levels of cortisol high enough to produce blood sugar levels similar to those experiencing major stress events (abdominal surgery) significantly poorer at recalling passages of prose than those given levels of cortisol high enough to produce stress reaction similar to minor surgery (having stitches removed)
|
|
|
|
Research into the pituitary-adrenal system
What does the Newcomer et al. study suggest? |
Stressful stimulation of pituitary-adrenal system has adverse effects on memory
|
|
|
|
Research into the pituitary-adrenal system
Outline the study of Watson et al. (2004) |
1) Compared how the pituitary-adrenal functioned in 26 manic depressives, 27 people with bipolar disorder in remission and 28 healthy controls
2) Heightened cortisol levels found in manic depressives as well as those in remission |
|
|
|
What does the Watson et al. study suggest?
|
Pituitary adrenal system dysfunction may be involved in disease process underlying bipolar disorder
|
|
|
|
Evaluation of pituitary adrenal system
What did Mason (1975) find? |
1) Individual differences with response levels
2) Different levels of stress hormones are produced in different individuals experiencing same stressors |
|
|
|
Evaluation of pituitary adrenal system
What did Symington et al. (1955) find? |
1) People respond to stressors in more active ways when they involve cognitive and emotional factors
2) Found conscious terminal cancer patients experienced more stress than those in a coma: indulged in more stressful appraisal of condition |
|
|
|
Evaluation of pituitary adrenal system
|
Biological explanation of stress allows accurate, objective measures to be made
|
|
