Pigs

Front 1

barrow

Back 1

castrated male pig

Front 2

gilt

Back 2

young breeding female that has not yet had a litter of piglets

Front 3

sow

Back 3

adult breeding female that has already had a litter of pigs

Front 4

farrowing

Back 4

parturition in the sow or gilt

Front 5

weaner

Back 5

young pig from weaning to about 25-30 kg

Front 6

grower

Back 6

pig from 25-30kg to market weight (100kg)

Front 7

how often does estrus occur inthe sow? what are the signs of ovulation

Back 7

ovulate every 21 days
-restless behaviour
-variable appetite
-swollen, red vulva
-will often sniff the genetalia of her penmates

Front 8

what is the gestation length in a pig

Back 8

114 days

Front 9

how many piglets are there in an average litter

Back 9

pig-10-14
minipig-5-8

Front 10

pigs have poor ____________ but a higly developed sense of ______,__________ and ______

Back 10

eyesight
smell, taste and touch

Front 11

adult pigs have a thermoneutral zone around _____ C and cannot withstand high temperatures because they lack _______

Back 11

16-18 C

Front 12

explain each of the 3 types of commercial operations

Back 12

farrow to finish-producers breed and farrow the sows and then raise the piglets until they reach market weight
farrow to weaner- breeds and farrows the sows and then raises the piglets until shortly after they are weaned
growing-finishing: producers buy the feeder pigs and grow them up to market weight

Front 13

Why is proper ventilation important when housing large numbers of pigs?

Back 13

the air is full of dirt, dander, ammonia
stress and disease can result if there is not enough clean air

Front 14

A piglet ration should be __________% protein

Back 14

20 %

Front 15

A grower pig should consume _______% of its body weight daily of a _____% protein diet.

Back 15

5%
16%

Front 16

List seven ways to ensure a lactating sow consumes enough feed to supply enough milk for the piglets.

Back 16

1. do not overfeed during gestation
2. increase level of dietary protein
3. feed twice a day
4. use a wet feed
5. ensure an unlimited water supply
6. use flavour enhancers
7. control the environmental parameters

Front 17

Name three ways of permanently identifying pigs

Back 17

ear notches
plastic tags
ear tattoos

Front 18

List and explain (how and why), four procedures done to newborn piglets

Back 18

1.removal of needle teeth-2/3 of the small teeth are removed. prevents biting, scratching and laceration of the sows teat
2. castration-prevents uncontrolled breeding and prevents boar odor and flavour in cooked meat.
3. tail docking-prevent pigs from chewing on the tails of other pigs. a hot cauterizing blade is used and leave about a .75 inch stub
4. iron injection-sow milk has little iron and the piglets must be supplemented. im injection of iron solution is given a few days after birth to prevent anemia

Front 19

What is creep feeding and why would producers want to creep feed?

Back 19

piglets are offered a little dry food to get them away from milk. they are slowly moved into solid food through a trough.
ensures that the pig can wean from the sow and continue to grow on the solid food

Front 20

chronic disease

Back 20

low mortality but may cause severe economic problems for the producer
-reduce growth rates, decrease animals resistance and add additionl cost for treatments

Front 21

acute disease

Back 21

often quite fatal infections
-can move quickly through a herd and cause large losses

Front 22

why is it essential for piglets to recieve iron injections

Back 22

prevent anemia

Front 23

List four reasons why pigs make good models for biomedical research.

Back 23

1) convienient body size for experiments that invlove repeated collection of blood samples and biopsies
2) silmilar to humans in the aspects of skin, skeleton, teeth, git, organs and immune system
3) easy to handle and house
4) relatively low price of acquisition and maintenance

Front 24

Describe swine erysipelas and differentiate between acute and chronic forms of the disease

Back 24

can survive outside the body in the soil or fecal matter
-shed in urine and feces
acute: high temp (104-108 F), depression and refusal to move; diamond shaped skin lesions appear on abodomen, chest, groin, ears and snout.
chronic: swollen, painful joints and distortion of the limbs; difficulty moving and refusal to eat

Front 25

What are the clinical signs of a pig infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)? What is another name for this disease.

Back 25

mystery pig disease
-fever, inappetence, lethargy and depression, cyanosis of vulva, tail, abdomen, snout, ears

Front 26

The acute form of Swine Influenza has a very___________ morbidity level and a very _____________ mortality level.

Back 26

high
very low

Front 27

What bacteria is the most common cause of chronic pneumonia in pigs? How do you treat pigs infected with this bacteria?

Back 27

mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
antibiotics in the water ir feed will reduce the severity of the pneumonia and improve overall performance of the infected pig

Front 28

Trichinosis used to be a common zoonotic disease. What two precautions have been taken by humans to eliminate the chance of becoming infected by the parasite

Back 28

deworming medication
freezing the pork before it reaches the consumer
properly cooking pork to 137 C to see that the parasite is not passed onto humans

Front 29

Up to _______% of all butcher hogs show signs of being infected by Ascaris suum. What are some ways to prevent infections of this parasite from occurring.

Back 29

70%
strict cleaning
routine worming

Front 30

Why are infestations of lice and mites worse in the winter? How do you treat lice and mite infestations?

Back 30

pigs huddle up for warmth and share close quarters-allows for easy spread of the parasite
insecticide sprays

Front 31

describe the american landrace

Back 31

white hog of long body and length

Front 32

describe the duroc

Back 32

variation in color
medium length and slight dish of the face
ears should be drooping and not erect

Front 33

describe the gloucestershire old spot

Back 33

black and white
heavy drooped ears

Front 34

lacombe

Back 34

mediium sized, white
large dropping ears
long body
meaty conformation

Front 35

saddleback

Back 35

white belt on a black body
drooped ears

Front 36

vietnamese potbelly

Back 36

dwarf swine breed
variety of colors