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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
This pigment is bifringent in tissue and therefore can be polarized. |
Formalin. A dark crystalline substance that can be polarized. What |
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What solution can be use to remove hemosiderin from tissue. |
10% sulfuric acid |
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What is hemosiderin made up of. |
Hemosiderin is composed of Ferric iron and protein, a breakdown product of hemoglobin. |
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Which organ is small amount of ferric iron found? |
Spleen. Various pathological conditions will cause it to accumulate in other organs. |
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Which acid is used in Prussian blue reaction. |
Dilute hydrochloric acid. |
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How is the pigment Turnbull's blue formed. A reaction between what compounds |
Turnbell's blue is formed following a reaction between ferric iron and potassium ferricyanide. |
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Which method will stain hemoglobin emerald green. |
Dunn-Thompson method used hematoxylin and a van Gieson solution to color hemoglobin green. |
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What is Stein's and Hall's technique used for. |
Stein's and Hall's techniques are used to convert bile pigment to biliverdin, which is a green pigment that is produced following oxidation of bile pigment with iodine in Stein's solution and Foucher's reagent in Halls technique. |
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What is used to bleach excessive melanin pigments. |
Oxidizing agents such as Potassium permanganate, or para-acetic acid. Also note hydrogen peroxide can bleach melanin but not as fast as potassium permanganate. |
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What is the recommended fixative for demonstrating hemoglobin with the Dunn-Thompson stain. |
NBF |
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Name 2 argentaffin procedures |
Fontana-Masson and Gomori-Burtner. |
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GMS is widely known to demonstrate fungi. What other tissue component can it demonstrate (although not traditionally used for this purpose). |
Melanin. GMS will stain melanin black. |
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What are tumors of the adrenal medulla called? What fixative should they be fixed in. |
Tumors of the adrenal medulla are called pheochromocytomas and they should be fixed in Orths fluid or any fixative that contains potassium dichromate. |
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What does the Schmorl's method stain for? What are this methods components. |
Schmorl's a method for reducing substance and it contains ferric chloride and potassium ferricyanide. Chromaffin, lipofuchsin, and melanin can be demostrated by Schmorl's. |
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Schmorl's method for reducing substances will stain chromaffin, lipofuchsin, and melanin what color? |
Blue |
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In Hall's method, Foucher's reagent is used to demonstrate what cell component. |
Bile. Foucher's reagent converts bile pigment to green biliverdin. |
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What does ailizarin red stains for. Tissue sections are deparaffinizing and taken to which reagent? |
95% alcohol. Water or weak acid/alcohols will result in loss of calcium. |
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What is the technique that demonstrate calcium that involves sections immersed in silver nitrate followed by exposure to light. |
Von Kossa, which involves replacement of th anionic part of calcium salts with silver. |
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Is calcium oxalate birefringent? |
Yes |
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Which staining method is considered the most effective for copper |
Lindquest's rhodanine. |
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Fixative of choice for demonstrating urate crystal. |
Absolute alcohol. |
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Which hematoxylin is used as counterstain in thr rhodanine copper procedure. |
Mayer or Lillie Mayer. Care must be taken not to over counterstain or else it will "mask" the red stained copper. |
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Which exogenous pigment is insoluble in concentrated sulfuric acid. |
Carbon. It is insoluble in concentrated sulfuric acid and all other acid and alkaline solutions |
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A pigment that is seen in small capillaries of the heart, brain, placenta, and other organs in plasmodium parasites, which is closely related to formalin pigment is likely what? |
Malarial pigment, which is similar to formalin pigment. |
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Which stain can demonstrate hemosiderin. |
Prussian blue. Some consider this stain optimal pH is 1.5, which can be obtained by using equal parts 4% hydrochloric acid and 2% ferrocyanide when preparing the staining solution. |
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The Ralph and Lepehne methods of demonstrating hemoglobin are based on the presence of what substance in red cells. |
Peroxidase. The Ralph and Lepehne methods are based on the reaction of peroxidase in hemoglobin with hydrogen peroxide, followed by oxidation of benzidine to colored end product. |
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Okajimas stain is based on the affinity of hemoglobin for which dye. |
Alizarin red S, which is the primary dye in Okajima's stain. |
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What is another name for argentaffin cells. |
Argentaffin cells are also known as Kulchitsky cells. |
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A rapid bile identification technique than involves destruction of tissue tissue by acid is |
Gmelin's test for bile. A coverslip is placed over deparaffinized and hydrated section; nitric acid is allowed to penetrate into the tissue underneath the coverslip. Bile pigment is indicated by color changes from yellow to green to blue to purple-red. This method Is not reliable and should be repeated several times to confirm results. |
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In Turnbull's blue procedure, melanin pigments reduce ferric ions to ferrous ions by which procedure. |
Melanin reduces ferric ions to ferrous ions present in Schmorl's solution to ferrous ions, which then combine with ferricyanide, resulting in Turnbull's blue. |
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In Laidlaw's Dopa oxidase method, melanin is stained what color. |
Yellow-brown. |
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A brown, iron-free pigment found with hemochromatosis, that stains with oil-soluble dyes in frozen section is: |
Hemofuchsin. |
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What is lipofuchsin? What organs are they commonly found. |
Lipofuchsin are indigestible, lipid-containing remains of autophagic vacuoles formed during aging or atrophy. They are commonly seen in long-lived metabolically active, but not mitotically active cells like liver, heart, muscle, ganglion cells, and adrenals. |
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Method of choice for demonstrating calcium oxalate. |
Pizzolato. |
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Pseudo calcification can be caused by which calcium salt used in formalin. |
Calcium carbonate or calcium acetate. |
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What is Wilson's disease? Which stain |
Wilson's disease is a slow accumulation of copper in the liver. The copper can be demonstrated by rubeanic acid stain. |
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What do u call a tumor that is thought to be associated with asbestos exposure. These asbestos fibers can be demonstrated with which stain. |
Mesothelioma can be demonstrated with Prussian blue. |
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Polarization of this material will produce a "Maltese cross". |
Talcum powder |
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Which argyophil cells uses a pH 4.2 buffer. |
Churukian-Schenk method for argyrophil cells requires pH 4.2. Note the Grimelius method used pH 5.6 |
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Sodium or potassium rhodizonate is usually used to detect the presence of what element. |
Lead. Sodium or potassium rhodizonate stains lead dark brown. |
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Gold can be demonstrated by treating tissue sections with what. |
Stannous chloride, by producing the purple of Cassius. |
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A monoclonal antibody that has good specificity for amelanotic melanomas is what. |
HMB-45 |
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Presence of melanin precursor cells can be detected in unstained formalin-fixed section using: 1. Fluorescence microscopy 2. Light microscopy 3. Electron microscopy 4. Polarization microscopy |
Fluorescence microscopy as melanin precursor cells show yellow fluorescence following fixation in formalin. |
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What can be used to digest a wet lung tissue to quantify the number of ferruginous bodies. |
Household bleach. |
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Which metal has been reported to occur in Alzheimer's disease. |
Aluminum. |
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Formalin used to show arsenic in tissue must contain which compound. 1. Copper acetate 2. Sodium acetate 3. Mercuric chloride 4. Potassium dichromate |
Copper acetate. Arsenic in tissues will react with copper acetate to form green cupric acetoarsenate. |
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The disease dermatopathic lymphadenitis is shown by which stain. |
Dermatopathic lymphadenitis is an accumulation of melanin and lipid within phagocytic cells of the lymph nodes. The Luna or Fontana-Masson silver stain methods for melanin is helpful to confirm diagnosis. |
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This pigment will stain black with Cresyl fast violet, brown with potassium dichromate, and fluoresce golden-brown under uv light. |
Ceroid, which occurs as yellow globules in liver cells but most often in large phagocytes of the liver. |
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An ansiotrophic crystalline contaminant is seen in human lung. This artifact is most likely resulted from a salt of.
1. Lead 2. Calcium 3. Iron 4. Barium |
Barium. Salts of this type are used in solutions used in radiology are ansiotrophic and can be polarized. |
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Zincon may be used to detect the presence of cobalt, magnesium, zinc, and what |
Copper. |
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They dye used in Lison's method for hemoglobin is.. |
Patent blue V |
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Included in the hematogenous pigments are hemosiderin, hematoidin, bilirubin, malarial, hemofuchsin, and:
1. Lipofuchsin 2. Ceroid 3. Porphyrin 4. Melanin |
Porphyrin, which will fluoresce deep red to orange when exposed to uv light. |
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This dye will stain hemoglobin casts dark blue to blue-black in Puchtler's method for hemoglobin. |
Buffalo black NBR , which is made up of tannic acid-phosphomolybdic acid-buffalo black NBR method. |
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Which combined staining method will result in differential staining of hemoglobin and hemosiderin. |
Puchtler's method will stain hemoglobin red and hemosiderin dark blue or dark green. |
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Pigments in this organ are considered the most difficult to differentiate on routine staining.
1. Lung 2. Liver 3. Spleen 4. Kidney |
Liver. |
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One dye used in Malloy's method for hemofuchsin is |
Basic fuchsin. |
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Melanin is insoluble in water, alcohol, dilute acids, alkalies, and what type of solvents. |
Melanins are resistant to far solvents such as acetone. |
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The method of choice for demonstrating melanin-producing potential in cells is |
Dopa oxidase reaction will demonstrate the enzyme tyrosinase which is present in cells that are capable of producing melanin. |