Pigeon

Front 1

Pigeon Skull - Zygomatic arch (jugal bar)

Back 1

Basically the jugal and quadratojugal. Thin rod like bar that extends onto the maxilla (upperbeak area)

Front 2

Pigeon Skull - frontal

Back 2

Larger plate of skull; extends down to nasal

Front 3

Pigeon Skull - prefrontal

Back 3

plate anterior to the frontal

Front 4

Pigeon Skull - lacrimal

Back 4

ventral to prefrontal

Front 5

Pigeon Skull - nasal

Back 5

running ventralanteriorly from the lacrimal to join with jugal with both meeting at the posterior end of the jugal

Front 6

Pigeon Skull - premaxilla

Back 6

The tip of the upper beak

Front 7

Pigeon Skull - maxilla

Back 7

The thicker extensions of the upper beak

Front 8

Pigeon Skull - palatine

Back 8

On the ventral view of the skull; winged shaped and connect with the maxilla

Front 9

Pigeon Skull - jugal

Back 9

Long slender rod on either side of skull. Connects with wuadrato jugal and quadrate

Front 10

Pigeon Skull - pterygoid

Back 10

a ventral protrubance coming from quadrate

Front 11

Pigeon Skull - quadratojugal

Back 11

more posterior end of jugal bar

Front 12

Pigeon Skull - quadrate

Back 12

Triangular shaped bone to which the quadratojugal and jugal protrude dorsally and ventrally

Front 13

Pigeon Skull - occipital

Back 13

At the base of the skull below the parietal

Front 14

Pigeon Skull - postorbital process

Back 14

protrusion that lies at the posteroventral margin of the orbit

Front 15

Pigeon Skull - squamosal

Back 15

Located on the lateral walls of the cranium; adjacent to parietal and frontal

Front 16

Pigeon Skull - parietal

Back 16

posterior to frontal; rectangular; 'back of the head'

Front 17

Pigeon Skull - sclerotic ring (Function)

Back 17

Circle of small bones that support the eyeball

Front 18

Pigeon Skull - hyoid apparatus (function)

Back 18

slender elongated y shaped structure that supports the tongue

Front 19

Pigeon Skull - dentary

Back 19

Anterior half of lower beak

Front 20

Pigeon Skull - Region of angular

Back 20

Posterior end of lower beak; ventral to region of articular

Front 21

Pigeon Skull - region of articular

Back 21

Posterior end of lower beak; dorsal to region of angular

Front 22

Pigeon Skull - coronoid process

Back 22

point on dorsalposterior side of lower jaw

Front 23

Pigeon Skull - vomer

Back 23

Arrowhead shaped plate on the underside of skull

Front 24

Pigeon Skull - parasphenoid

Back 24

Posterior end of Vomer

Front 25

Pigeon Skull - basioccipital

Back 25

Anterior to occipital condyle

Front 26

Pigeon Skull - foramen magnum

Back 26

Large hole in the occiptal

Front 27

Pigeon Skull - occiptal condyle

Back 27

anterior end of foramen magnum ( hole where vertebral column begins)

Front 28

Pigeon Skull - basissphenoid

Back 28

Posterior to parasphenoid and anterior to basiooccipital

Front 29

Pigeon - Second digit (phalanx 2)

Back 29

Tip of wing bone

Front 30

Pigeon - metacarpal 2

Back 30

larger bone of hand area

Front 31

Pigeon - metacarpal 3

Back 31

smaller bone of hand area

Front 32

Pigeon - first digit (phalanges 1 &2)

Back 32

At ventral base of Metacarpals 2 & 3; small protruding bone

Front 33

Pigeon - radius

Back 33

smaller bone of upper wing

Front 34

Pigeon - axis

Back 34

Second cervical vertebrae

Front 35

Pigeon - atlas

Back 35

First cervical vertebrae

Front 36

Pigeon - mandible

Back 36

Lower portion of bill

Front 37

Pigeon - cervical vertebrae

Back 37

Neck vertebrae

Front 38

Pigeon - procoracoid

Back 38

Body bone anterior to ribs connects to sternum

Front 39

Pigeon - furcula

Back 39

anterior to ribs and procoracoid

Front 40

Pigeon - sternal rib

Back 40

slender and ventral to vertebral ribs

Front 41

Pigeon - body of sternum

Back 41

Large curved plate of bone

Front 42

Pigeon - carina of sternum

Back 42

Large vertical plate of sternum

Front 43

Pigeon - patella

Back 43

Knee bone

Front 44

Pigeon - fibula

Back 44

smaller bone of lower leg

Front 45

Pigeon - tibiotarsus

Back 45

larger bone of lower leg

Front 46

Pigeon - tarsometatarsus

Back 46

Main foot bone

Front 47

Pigeon - metatarsals

Back 47

toe bones

Front 48

Pigeon - hypotarsus

Back 48

protrubance on dorsal part of tarsometatarsus

Front 49

Pigeon - caudal vertebra

Back 49

Butt vertebrae

Front 50

Pigeon - pygostyle

Back 50

end of butt vertebrae

Front 51

Pigeon - femur

Back 51

Thigh bone

Front 52

Pigeon - innominate

Back 52

back plate like bone

Front 53

Pigeon - synsacrum

Back 53

dorsal area of innominate

Front 54

Pigeon - vertebral rib

Back 54

ribs extending from thoracic vertebra

Front 55

Pigeon - uncinate process

Back 55

dorsal posterior protrustions off of vertebral ribs

Front 56

Pigeon - scapula

Back 56

wedge shaped bone jutting out perpendicular to vertebral ribs and parallel to thoracic vertebrae

Front 57

Pigeon - thoracic vertebra

Back 57

middle section of vertebrae

Front 58

Pigeon - humerus

Back 58

lower arm bone

Front 59

Pigeon - remigeal papillae (function)

Back 59

knob like markings for the attachment of flight feathers

Front 60

Pigeon - ulna

Back 60

larger bone of upper wing

Front 61

Pigeon - carpometacarpus

Back 61

elongated element composed of several carpals

Front 62

Pigeon - manus

Back 62

Entire upper portion of wing bones

Front 63

Pigeon - ilium

Back 63

large swooping element of innominate bones

Front 64

Pigeon - pubis

Back 64

long slender tapered portion of the innominate at the posterior end

Front 65

Pigeon - ischium

Back 65

Rectangular from dorsal view and triangular from lateral viw

Front 66

Pigeon - acetabulum

Back 66

depression that receives the head of the femur

Front 67

Why is it necessary for birds to have so many bones fused?

Back 67

To reduce weight for efficient flight

Front 68

Pigeon skull - supraoccipital

Back 68

posterior to foramen magnum ( hole in base of skull where vertebral column inserts)

Front 69

Pigeon skull - maxillary process of the premaxilla

Back 69

upper part of top beak

Front 70

Pigeon skull - nasal process of the premaxilla

Back 70

lower part of top beak