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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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absolute zero
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The lowest possible temperature, where all molecular motion stops.
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calibrate
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To check or adjust the accuracy of an instrument by comparing it to a known standard.
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Celsius
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A temperature scale in which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°.
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coefficient of linear thermal expansion
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The percent that the length of an object increases (or decreases) for a temperature increase of 1 degree C.
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condensation
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A phase change from a gas to liquid.
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conductor
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A material that allows its electrons to move freely.
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deposition
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A phase change from a gas to a solid.
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evaporation
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A phase change from a liquid to a gas.
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expansion joint
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A small gap built into a roadway to allow for expansion and contraction of the road surface.
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Fahrenheit
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A temperature scale in which water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°.
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heat
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The transfer of thermal energy. The flow of energy from one object or location to another.
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insulator
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A material that holds tightly to its electrons.
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Kelvin
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An absolute temperature scale in which water freezes at 273 K and boils at 373 K.
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latent heat
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The energy required for one kilogram of a substance to change phase.
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momentum
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The product of mass and velocity.
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phase change
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A change between any two of the three following states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
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SI
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Le Système International d'unités (International System of Units).
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specific heat capacity
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The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1°C.
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sublimation
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A phase change from a solid to a gas.
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temperature
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A measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance.
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thermal energy
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The combined sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all an object's molecules.
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thermal expansion
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The enlargement of an object due to heat flowing into it.
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thermometer
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A device used to measure temperature.
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vaporization
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Like evaporation, a phase change in which a liquid changes to a gas.
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Avogadro's number
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6.022 x 10^23.
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compressed gas
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A gas under high pressure.
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gas
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Matter that has no fixed shape or volume.
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ideal gas
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A gas with very low density, such that collisions between gas molecules are rare.
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linear
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Able to be represented graphically as a straight line.
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molar mass
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The mass of a mole of a substance.
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mole
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6.022 x 10^23 objects.
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Pascal
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The SI unit for pressure, equal to one newton per square meter.
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pressure
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Force per unit area.
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closed system
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A collection of particles or objects that are unable to exchange matter with their surroundings.
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efficiency
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The ratio of the work an engine does to the heat it receives as input.
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entropy
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A measure of the amount of disorder in a system.
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first law of thermodynamics
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Energy is conserved through changes in internal energy, work done, and heat.
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heat engine
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A device that converts heat energy into mechanical energy.
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internal combustion engine
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An engine in which the combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine's chambers or cylinders.
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internal energy
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The sum of kinetic and potential energies attributed to the particles of matter and their interactions within a system.
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isolated system
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A collection of matter that doesn't interact with anything else in the universe.
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kinetic energy
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Energy an object possesses because of its motion.
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law of conservation of energy
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed, though it may be transformed from one form into another.
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mechanical energy
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Energy an object possesses of its motion or position.
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open system
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A collection of particles that are able to interact and exchange energy and matter with their surroundings.
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potential energy
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Stored energy that can be converted to other forms.
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second law of thermodynamics
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Heat flows from hot to cold; no heat transfer process is 100% efficient; the natural progression of the universe is from order to chaos.
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thermodynamics
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The study of the relationships among heat, work, and energy.
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work
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The product of the force acting on an object and the displacement of that object.
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