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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the hormones of the anterior pituitary.
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TSH/LH/FSH/GH/PRL/ACTH/
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What hormones are associated with the posterior pituitary?
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Oxytocin/ADH
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Name the hypothalamic hormones and their function?
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TRH- increases TSH, PRL secretion
GnRH- increases LH, FSH secretion CRH- increases ACTH secretion (and alpha MSH, beta endorphin GHRH- increases GH secretion Somatostatin- decrease release of GH, TSH Prolactin inhibitory factor(PIF)(aka dopamine)- decreases release of PRL |
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Name the connection between the hypothalamus and the following;
Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary |
Ant- Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
Pos- Hypothalamic tract |
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What is the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?
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Capillaries that carry blood from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary, and from the ant. pituitary back to the hypothalamus.
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What is the significance of the retrograde blood flow?
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Feedback
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How are the anterior pituitary hormones categorized?
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1. GH related hormones
2. Glycoprotein hormones 3. Corticotropin related hormones |
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What hormones are included in the GHRH category?
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GH/PRL/Human placental lactogen(placenta)/Insulin like growth factor(liver)
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What hormones are included in the glycoprotein hormone category?
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LH/FSH/TSH/hCG/.
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What hormones are included in the CRH category?
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ACTH/MSH/Endorphins/Enkephalins/Lipoproteins
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What is unique about the make up of the GH-related hormones?
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Gh is a polypeptide and is homologous with PRL and HPL.
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What is unique about the makeup of the Glycoprotein hormones?
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All contain alpha and beta subunits, alpha subunits are similar; hormonal activity comes from beta subunits.
Regarding the uniqueness of CRH, all are from the same precursor, "proopiomelanocortin"(POMC). |
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What is the action of TSH/LH, and FSH?
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TSH-Increases T3 and T4 production
LH- Increases estrogen, androgen production FSH- Increases oocyte and sperm maturation. |
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What is the function of GH/PRL, and ACTH?
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GH- Increases general growth, decreases glucose uptake into cells-diabetogenic, increases protein synthesis and lipolysis, increases IGF in liver.
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What is the function of PRL and ACTH?
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PRL- increases milk production and breast development, and inhibits ovulation via decreased GnRH.
ACTH- increases glucocorticoid production. |
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Name the actions of GH that are mediated through IGF.
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Increases protein synthesis in bone muscle, and organs--increases linear growth, increases lean body mass and increases organ size.
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What factors increase GH secretion?
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GHRH/sleep/stress exercise/starvation/hypoglycemia/SS
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What factors increase PRL secretion?
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Pregnancy/breast feeding/stress/TRH/Dopamine antagonists
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What factors decrease PRL secretion?
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PRL(neg. feedback)
Dopamine(PIF) Dopamine agonists(bromocriptine/ SS |
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What is the action of Oxytocin?
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Increases contraction of myoepithelial cells in breasts(increased milk ejection/increased contraction of uterus
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What is the action of ADH?
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Increases H2O permeability of the distal tubule and collecting duct/constricts vascular smooth muscle.
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Oxytocin and ADH are polypeptide hormones. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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Where is oxytocin synthesized?
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Paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.
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Where is ADH synthesized?
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Supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus.
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How are oxytocin and ADH synthesized and secreted?
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Precursor--cleaved and packaged into secretory granules with neurophysins(carrier proteins)
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How are the effects of ADH mediated and what is its second messenger system?
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1. Renal effect, V2 receptor---cAMP
Smooth muscle effect--V1 receptor IP3 |
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What effect does Lithium have on the body's response to ADH?
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Decreases the response.
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