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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aphasia
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Inability to use or understand spoken, symbolic, or written language
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Akathesia
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motor restlessness
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Anosognosia
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- inability or unwillingness to recognize one's own functional impairment, and sometimes other's impairment
- often in stroke patients in right parietal cortex |
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benzos vs. beta-blockers?
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-beta blockers less effective in tx cognitive/psychic experience of anxiety but moe effective in physical
-beta blockers more likely cause memory impairment |
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best predictor of degree of injury and recovery following closed head trauma?
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-duration of anterograde amnesia
-most recovery occurs w/i 6-9 months |
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Beta-blockers as tx for what?
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performance related anxiety
(reduces sympathetic NS activity) |
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Broca's Area
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Responsible for expressive language.
Located in the left frontal cortex. |
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Broca's is to Wernicke's as
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frontal lobe is to temporal lobe. or
Expressive is to receptive. |
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Cannon-Bard Theory of emotion
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- behavior (arousal) and emotion happen simultaneously, not cause/effect
-all emotions identical in terms of arousal |
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Cognitive-Arousal Theory of emotion
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- Schachter and Singer
- arousal and cognitive attributaions for arousal |
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Conduction Aphasia
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-caused by damage to arcuate fasciculus, fibers connecting Broca's and Wernicke's area
-person's speech makes sense but person cannot repeat what they just heard |
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Damage to hippocampus, amygdala, and medial temporal lobes produces what?
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-severe, permanent anterograde amnesia (no new memories - think memento)
-retain in short term but can't recall later |
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Describe Parkinson's Disease
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Affects men slightly more than women. Considered a subcortical movement disorder.
Marked by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowed initiation of movement), shuffling gait, and sometimes neuropsychiatric symtoms. 30-50% have dementia. 50-90% have depression. |
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Benzodiazipines
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MoA: increase GABA activity which inhibits CNS
Side Effects: -drowsiness and sedation -anterorgade amnesia (esp w/IV) -elderly - confusion and disorient -addictive -fatal if mixed w/alcohol or other CNS depressant Valium, Xanax, Halcion, and Ativan. |
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Typical Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics)
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Best for: treating positive Sx of Schizo; Acute Mania, Tourette's
MOA: block dopmine receptors Side Effects: anticholinergic extrapyramidal: Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia (abnormal invol m chlorpromazine (Thorazine) thioridazine (Mellaril) haloperidol (Haldol) |
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MAOI
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Best for: atypical depression w/anxiety
MoA: bloc enzymes that breakdown norepi and serotonin Side Effects :-fatal hypertensive crisis w/tyramine!! -OD can be fatal (suicide risk) phenelzine (Nardil) tranylcypromine (Parnate) |
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SSRIs
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Best for:depression, OCD, ED
MoA: inhibit reuptake of serotonin Side Effects: -gastrointestional -akathesia -initally worsen anxiety/sleep (not cardiotoxic, no OD threat, no antichol, no cognitive imp, faster acting) Fluoxetine (Prozac) Sertaline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (Paxil) |
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Tricyclics
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Best for:1. vegetative symtpoms of depression
2. panic attacks, agoraphobia and obsessive states MoA: block reuptake of norepi and serotonin Side Effects:-anticholinergic effects (dry up) -cardiovascular effects -gastrointestinal imipramine (Tofranil) clomipramine (Anafranil) - OCD amitriptyline (Elavil) |
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Broca's Area
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Responsible for expressive language. Located in the left frontal cortex.
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Cerebellum
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Bodily movements, motor responses
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Damage to hippocampus, amygdala, and medial temporal lobes produces what?
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"*severe, permanent anterograde amnesia (no new memories - think memento)
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Dysnomia
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can't name familiar objects
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Hippocampus
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Consolidation of memory
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Hypothalmus
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Regulating metabolism, body temperature, eating, sex, controls the endocrine system
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Research findings on external cues and obesity?
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"*obese are less responsive to internal, biological hunger cue and more responsive to external cues
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Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
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Located in the hypothalmus. It controls circadian rhythms.
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Thalmus
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Relays all sensory information to the cerebral cortex...except for olfactory.
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The Hippocampus is responsible for...
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Transfers information from short-term memory into long-term memory.
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The most effective medication to treat OCD is...
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Clomipramine
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Wernicke's area is located...
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In the temporal lobe. Language comprehension.
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What can damage to the hippocampus cause?
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Impairment in the acquisition of new information.
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What is the neurotransmitter most implicated in Alzheimer's disease?
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acetylcholine (ACh).
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What neurotransmitters are associated with Huntington's Disease?
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"Acetylcholine and GABA
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Frontal Lobe
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primary motor cortex
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What tests would you use to assess regional cerebral blood flow?
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PET and fMRI
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Which areas of the limbic system are most involved with agression?
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Amygdala and septum; septal rage.
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Which structure in the limbic system is responsible for storing new events as lasting memories?
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Hippocampus
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Apraxia
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-inability to execute purposeful movements, despite normal strength and coordination (AX)
-damage to frontal/parietal lobes |
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As a classical neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (Ach) has what two significant functions?
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Most common neurotransmitter.
1. Voluntary movement 2. Memory and cognition Particulary prevalent in hippocampus most notable deficienciy in levels of acetylcholine is Alzheimer's Disease. |
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Lithium
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Use: Mood stabilizer
Side Effects: Fine hand tremors, gastric distress, weight gain, fatigue, and mild confusion and disorientation. |
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Atypical Antipsychotic
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Use: Schizophrenia; non-responsive Bipolar
MoA: Increase seratonin and decrease dopamine Side Effects: Anticholenergic (Much less likely to cause extrapyramindal side effects) Clozapine (Clozaril) |
