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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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# of elements known in nature
# of elements essential to humans. |
-103
-24 |
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Types of essential elements:
major elements minerals trace elements |
Major (99% of atoms):
-H (63%) -O (26%) -C (9%) -N (1%) 7 minerals: -Na, K, Cl, Ca, Mg, P, S 13 trace elements |
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Major molecules in body (6)
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-H2O (99% of molecs, 60% body weight)
-proteins 17% -lipids 15% -minerals 5% -nucleic acids 2% -carbohydrates 1% |
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Types of lipids in body (3)
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-neutral fats
-phospholipids -steroids |
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neutral fats (3)
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("fat")
-triglycerides -glycerol backbone -3 hydrocarbon tails linked to glycerol by ester bond |
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Phospholipids (2)
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-diglycerides: glycerol, 2 fatty acids, 1 phosphate group
-amphiphile |
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Coulomb's Law
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- diff charges attract, like repel
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a _________ bond is formed btw alcohol and carboxylic acid
where else will you find this bond what is it broken by |
-ester
-btw glycerol and fatty acids -esterase |
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choline
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-most common phospholipid head group
-an alcohol |
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most common phospholipid
structure features |
-phosphatidycholine (lecithin?)
- choline(+)/phosphate/glycerol(-) head. -2 fatty acid tails -neutral yet polar head -amphiphilic |
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thickness of ave membrane
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-30-100A
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surfactant
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-"surface active"
-amphiphilic -interface btw H20 and fats |
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# of amino acids
#polar vs non-polar |
-20
-9 polar/ 11 nonpolar |
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ways of protein movement in membranes (3)
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-simple diffusion
-guided by tracks of microtubules in cytoplasm (uses ATP) -wrap around something and get stuck for a bit |
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when is our body in equilibrium?
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-when we are dead
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Breakdown of fluid in body:
Total body water --> |
Total: 42 L
-Intracellular (cytoplasm): 2/3 (28L) -Extracellular: 1/3 (14L) ---interstitial: 4/5 (11.2L) ---plasma: 1/5 (2.8L) |
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Ionic composition of body fluids:
ECF: plasma interstitial ICF |
ECF is like portable private ocean:
-Na+, Cl-, some HC03 for both. Some extra proteins/anions in plasma ICF: Potassium, P04-2. Some proteins, anions |
