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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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embryonic gonads
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become testies or ovaries
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what makes the embryonic gonad form testes?
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the Y chromosome
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what do the testes produce that make the male sex organs?
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Testosterone
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What makes the femal sex organs develop?
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absence of testosterone
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What are gametes?
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sperm or eggs
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Where are gametes formed?
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in the gonads
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how are gametes formed?
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meiosis
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How many chromosomes does a gamete have?
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haploid, or 23
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How many chromosomes are in a zygote?
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diploid, or 46
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TDF
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testosterone derived factor, accompanies the XY zygote, stimulates male follicle cells
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What controls the release of LH, and FSH?
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the hypothalamus, which makes GnRH, that stimulates the Ant. Pit. to make LH and FSH.
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Where are LH and FSH (and GnRH) released from?
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The anterior pituitary
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What does LH stimulate?
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gonadal sex steriods (maintain gonad size)
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What does FSH stimulate?
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sperm, egg production
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How do sex steriods interact with the hypothalamus and Ant. Pit.?
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Negative feedback
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gonadotrophes
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LH FSH
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what secretes inhibin?
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the gonads
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what does inhibin inhibit?
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FSH
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How are LH and FSH inhibited?
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whenever there is enough
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How is negative feedback created to stop LH and FSH production?
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inhibin, sex steroids
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at puberty, what is secreted?
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GnRH
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GnRH stimulates what?
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LH, FSH
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LH, FH stimulate what?
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sex steroids, follicles
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sex steroids stimulate what?
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change in secondary sex characteristics and menarche
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menarchy
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first menstral flow
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what causes the growth of pubic/axillary hair?
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androgen secretion
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where is androgen secreted from?
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adrenal cortex
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What stimulates the femal growth suprt at puberty?
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Estrogen
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what does the age of puberty depend on?
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percent body fat and physical activity (more active, less fat=later puberty)
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What occurs in the seminiferous tubules?
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spermatogenesis
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are the testes glands?
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pared glands
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sertoli cells
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part of the seminiferous tubule, contain receptors fo FSH
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FSH stimulates what?
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spermatogenesis
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What cells contain LH receptors?
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Leydig
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What do Leydig cells secrete?
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Testosterone
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we all have testosterone, what makes us different?
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females have estradiol, makes have reductase
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reductase
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makes testosterone derivatives
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spermatogonia
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diploids, stem cells, germ cells that migrate from the yolk sack in development
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how do spermatogonia replicate?
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mitosis
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how do spermatogonia make haploid sperm?
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meiosis
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where does spermatogenesis occur?
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walls of seminiferous tubules
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spermiogenesis
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maturation of spermatids into mature spermatozoa
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spermatozoa
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head contains DNA and acrosome cap that digests
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embryonic developing of gonads
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fsh lh high, for 6 months
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Lyedig cells
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intersitital cells, w/in testes, surrounding ST, producuce/secrete testosterone
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LH's target tissue
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Leydig cells, b/c produce testost.
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sertoli cells
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sperm nurturers, IN ST, triggered by fSH, help process of spermatogenesis.
*blood-testes barrier *lumen fluid production *trigger flagella production *synthesize androgen binding protein *nucleus compacted into sperm head *cytoplasm phagocytized |
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estradiol is called
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estrogen
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aromatase
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what makes testosterone into estrogen
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how often do spermatagonia replicate?
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throughout one's life, so that after puberty, sperm is always available
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spermatagonia become mitose, their daughter cell is the...
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1 deg diploid spermatocyte
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1 deg spermatocytes meiose and become...
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2 deg haploid spermatocyets
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2 deg spermacites meiose and become...
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spermatids, haploid
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spermatids become...
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spermatozoa
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what triggers the production of 1 deg. spermatocytes?
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puberty
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entire cycle takes...
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70-80 days, all stages present @ all times
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how do sperm leave the lumen of the ST?
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spermatazoa-->lumen-->efferent ductules-->
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