Physiology Test 3 Pp

Front 1

General Properties of the ANS

Back 1

Motor nervous system that controls glands, cardiac and smooth muscle

Front 2

ANS regulates ______ processes that maintain homeostasis

Back 2

unconscious
EX: blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory airflow

Front 3

ANS carries out its actions ______ our intent

Back 3

without (automatically)

Front 4

ANS regulated by which parts of the brain and can change rapidly and with great intensity

Back 4

hypothalamus, pons and medulla

Front 5

Unconscious, automatic responses to stimulation of glands, cardiac or smooth muscle

Back 5

Visceral Reflexes

Front 6

Receptors detect ________ -- stretch, blood chemicals, body temperature, etc.

Back 6

internal stimuli

Front 7

_____ reflexes (urination, defecation, penile erection)

Back 7

Autonomic

Front 8

______ neurons carry motor signals to the effectors

Back 8

Efferent

Front 9

ANS ______ effector activity rather than causing it
--high blood pressure activates a visceral baroreflex

Back 9

modifies

Front 10

Visceral Reflex to High BP...

{{Separate reflex arc for low BP exists}}

Back 10

**High BP detected by arterial stretch receptors, signal transmitted to CNS, efferent signals travel to the heart, heart slows reducing BP

Front 11

-1 neuron to target organ
-acetylcholine (NT)
-ACh + nicotinic cholinergic
-Excitatory only (Effects)

Back 11

Somatic NS

Front 12

-2 neuron to target organ
-acetylcholine / norepinephrine
- ACh+ muscarinic cholinergic or NE+alpha or beta adrenergic
-Excitatory or inhibitory

Back 12

Autonomic NS

Front 13

ANS = 2 neurons span the distance from CNS to effectors

Back 13

1.presynaptic neuron cell body in CNS--brain or spinal
2. postsynaptic neuron cell body in peripheral ganglion

Front 14

_____ division prepares body for physical activity
**increases heart rate, BP, airflow, blood glucose levels,

Back 14

Sympathetic

Front 15

______ division has calming affect on many body functions & assists in bodily maintenance
**digestion and waste elimination

Back 15

Parasympathetic

Front 16

______ is the normal rate of activity that represents the balance of the two systems

Back 16

Autonomic tone

Front 17

Effects of each divisions of the ANS depend upon ...

Back 17

neurotransmitters released and the receptors of the target organ

Front 18

Origin of Parasympathetic Pathways

Back 18

**Sacral region of spinal cord
**Brain stem (cranial nerves)

Front 19

?? nerve narrows pupil & focuses lens

Back 19

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Front 20

?? nerve regulates secretion of tear, lacrimal & 2 salivary glands

Back 20

Facial nerve (VII)

Front 21

?? nerve regulates parotid salivary gland

Back 21

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Front 22

?? nerve regulates muscles and glands of the viscera as far inferiorly as the proximal half of colon

Back 22

Vagus nerve (X)

Front 23

Origin of Sympathetic Pathways
Exit spinal cord in two regions

Back 23

thoracic
lumbar

Front 24

Cholinergic Receptors for ACh

Acetylcholine binds to 2 classes of receptors..

Back 24

nicotinic receptors

muscarinic receptors

Front 25

**occur on all ANS postganglionic neurons, in the adrenal medulla, and at NMJ (skeletal muscle)
**excitatory when ACh binding occurs

Back 25

nicotinic receptors

Front 26

**occur on all gland, smooth muscle & cardiac muscle cells that receives cholinergic innervation

Back 26

muscarinic receptors

Front 27

**either excitatory or inhibitory when ACh binding occurs due to subclasses of muscarinic receptors

Back 27

muscarinic receptors

Front 28

muscarinic receptors
Blocked by ______

Back 28

atropine

Front 29

Nor-epinephrine binds to 2 classes of receptors

Back 29

**alpha adrenergic receptors
**beta adrenergic receptors

Front 30

alpha 1 + NE -->

Back 30

Smooth muscle contraction
&/or
increase secretion of a gland

Front 31

alpha 2 + NE -->

Back 31

Smooth muscle relaxation
&/or
decrease secretion of a gland

Front 32

beta 1 + NE/Epi -->

Back 32

Increase cardiac muscle concentration

Front 33

beta 2 + NE/Epi -->

Back 33

Smooth muscle relaxation

Front 34

Beta 1 ==> ??

Back 34

cardiac muscle & kidney

Front 35

Beta 2 ==> ??

Back 35

smooth muscle of airways & cardiac vasculature (coronary arteries)

Front 36

- ACh released
-Nicotinic cholinergic (receptor)
-NE (usually)/ACh (sweat gl.)
- α or ß adrenergic or muscarinic cholinergic

Back 36

Sympathetic

Front 37

- ACh released
-Nicotinic cholinergic (receptor)
-ACh
- muscarinic cholinergic

Back 37

Parasympathetic

Front 38

_______ are also known as cholinergic agonists or parasympathomimetics

Back 38

Cholinergic Agents

Front 39

Cholinergic Agents mimic the effect of _____

Back 39

ACh

Front 40

Cholinergic Agents activate _____ nervous system

Back 40

parasympathetic

Front 41

Cholinergic Agents result in _______

Back 41

SLUDGE (salivation, urinary incontinence, diarrhea, GI cramps, emesis)

Front 42

NOTE: Cholinergic Agents also pupil constriction, decreased intraocular pressure, increases salivation

Back 42

and sweating, decreased heart rate, vasodialtion, respiratory airway constriction

Front 43

___________ suppress activity

Back 43

Parasympatholytics

Front 44

also known as adrenergic agonists or sympathomimetics
ex. phenylephrine

Back 44

Adrenergic Agents

Front 45

Adrenergic Agents mimic the effect of _____

Back 45

NE or Epi

Front 46

NOTE: Alpha agonists bring :
-vasoconstriction and
increase BP (α1)
relaxation of GI smooth muscle

Back 46

-contraction of uterus and
bladder, male ejaculation,
decrease insulin release,
pupil dilation

Front 47

Paired glands sit on superior pole of each kidney

Back 47

Adrenal Glands

Front 48

Adrenal Glands
Cortex secrete???

Back 48

secretes steroid hormone

Front 49

Adrenal Glands-- Medulla ??

{{catecholamines (85% epi & 15% norepi)}}

Back 49

modified sympathetic ganglion that secretes NT (hormones) into blood and not onto other neurons

Front 50

Management of clinical depression- which drugs

Back 50

Prozac (SSRI)
MAO inhibitors

Front 51

which drug blocks reuptake of serotonin to prolong its mood-elevating effect

Back 51

Prozac (SSRI)

Front 52

which drug interfere with breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters

Back 52

MAO inhibitors

Front 53

______ competes with adenosine (inhibitory causing sleepiness) by binding to its receptors

Back 53

Caffeine

Front 54

Propanolol blocks the Beta 1-adrenergic receptors located in cardiac muscle tissue. This action would serve to:

Back 54

B. decrease heart rate

Front 55

When epinephrine binds to Beta 2-adrenergic receptors found in the smooth muscle of the airways, the result is ______.

Back 55

B. relaxation of the smooth muscle of the airways