Physiology (Test 3) Endocrineology

Front 1

What is endocrineology?

Back 1

Study of the SYNTHESIS and SECRETION of chemical messangers (HORMONES) by an organism for communication / maintenance of HOMEOSTASIS

Front 2

List the Classic Endocrine Organs? (10)

Back 2

-Hypothalmus -Pineal Gland
-Pituitary Gland -Thyroid Gland
-Parathyroid Gland -Testes
-Adrenal Gland -Pancreas
-Ovaries -Placenta

Front 3

List the non-classical Endocrine Glands? (9)

Back 3

-Skin -Lungs -Heart
-Liver -Kidney -Stomach
-Adipose -Small Intestines
-Vascular System

Front 4

What must be present in order for a hormone to have a strong effect?

Back 4

A REceptor

Front 5

Define HEMOCRINE communication?

Back 5

Hormone released from cell and enters blood vessels

Front 6

Define PARACRINE communication?

Back 6

Hormone released from cell and interacts with receptors on nearby cell.

Front 7

Define INTERCRINE communication?

Back 7

Direct transfer of messenger molecule into adjacent cells via gap junctions

Front 8

Define JUXTACRINE communication?

Back 8

Messenger molecule remains associated with cell membrane of signaling cell and interacts with receptor on adjacent cell

Front 9

Define AUTOCRINE communication?

Back 9

Hormone secreted and interacts with receptor on the same cell

Front 10

Define NEUROCRINE communication?

Back 10

Messenger molecules produced by neurons

Front 11

Define NEUROENDOCRINE SYNAPTIC communication?

Back 11

Synaptic: messenger molecule traverses synaptic space

Front 12

Define NEUROENDOCRINE NON-SYNAPTIC communication?

Back 12

Non-synaptic (neurosecretion): messenger molecule is carried to site of action by ECF or blood

Front 13

Define SOLINOCRINE communication?

Back 13

Messenger molecule secreted into lumen of ductal system (i.e. GI, respiratory, urogenital).

Front 14

Define INTRACRINE communication?

Back 14

Uptake of hormonal precursor and intracellular conversion to effective hormone and subsequent binding to intracellular receptor.

Front 15

What are the 4 classifications/types of hormones?

Back 15

-Amino Acid Derivatives
-Peptide/Polypeptide
-Steroid
-Fatty Acid Derivatives

Front 16

List examples of AA derivatives?

Back 16

-Dopamine, Epi, NorEpi, Serotonin, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine

Front 17

List examples of Peptide/Polypeptide derivatives?

Back 17

-ACTH, ANP, CCK, TSH, VIP

Front 18

What are steroids derived from?

Back 18

Cholesterol

Front 19

List examples of Steroid hormones?

Back 19

Cortisol, aldosterone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone

Front 20

List examples of fatty acid derivatives?

Back 20

Prostaglandins, thromboxanes

Front 21

What are the 4 means of hormone regulation?

Back 21

-Nerve activation
-Environmental changes
-Hormonal Stimulation
-Feedback to endocrine tissue

Front 22

What are the two receptor types for horomonal response?

Back 22

-Intracellular

-Plasma membrane

Front 23

What are the two types of intracellular receptors?

Back 23

-Cytoplasmic and nuclear

Front 24

What are the types of plasma membrane receptors?

Back 24

-G proteins
-Tyrosine Kinases
-Serine/Threonine Kinases
-Ion Channels

Front 25

What are the three types of hormone-hormone interaction?

Back 25

-Synergistic (i.e. glucagon/epi)
-Antagonistic (i.e. insulin/glucagon)
-Permissive (i.e. steroid priming of hypothalamus/pituitary)

Front 26

What factors affect/alter hormonal effects?

Back 26

-Synthesis of hormone
-Receptor mediated signal transduction
-Hormone inactivation/clearance
-Feedback systems
-Rhythm of hormone release

Front 27

What factors can be affected in the synthesis of hormones?

Back 27

-Post transcription
-Post translation processing of hormone
-Post secretory extracellular transport of hormone

Front 28

What factors can affect the receptor mediated signal transduction?

Back 28

-Affinity, number, occupancy, desensitization
-Cellular 2nd messenger components
-Degradation of 2nd messenger signaling factors

Front 29

What factors can affect the hormone inactivation/clearance?

Back 29

-Processing bound vs. Free circulating hormone
-Metabolic clearance rate

Front 30

What factors can affect the feedback systems?

Back 30

-For loops it depends upon + vs -
-Long Loops, Short Loops, or Ultrashort

Front 31

What would be an example of a Long feedback loop?

Back 31

Secretion of peripheral gland indirectly affecting pituitary hormone secretion

Front 32

What would be an example of a Short feedback loop?

Back 32

Secretion of pituitary affecting hypothalmic hormone release

Front 33

What would be an example of an Ultrashort feedback loop?

Back 33

A hormone feedback to the cell of its production or a neighboring cell to inhibit further secretion of itself

Front 34

What are the three types of hormonal release rhythms?

Back 34

-Circadian
-Ultradian
-Infradian

Front 35

Define Circadian secretion rhythms?

Back 35

Pattern of secretion is every 24 hours.

Front 36

Define Ultradian secretion rhythms?

Back 36

Pattern of secretion is frequent (90-100 min per 24 hours)

Front 37

Define Infradian secretion rhythms?

Back 37

Pattern of secretion is over a period GREATER than 24 hours

Front 38

Example of Circadian hormone?

Back 38

Melatonin

Front 39

Example of Ultradian hormone?

Back 39

Growth Hormone

Front 40

Example of Infradian hormone?

Back 40

LH surge