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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Muscle metabolism
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Muscles use lots of ATP during contractions
- muscles use cell respiration to make ATP |
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Lack of O2
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Muscles can work so hard that respiratory & circulatory Cannot supply enough O2
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Lactic acid fermentation
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If not enough O2 is present, cells turn glucose into lactic acid
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Creatine phosphate
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Creatine is a PO43- containing organic molecule in muscle cells. Creating phosphate can give PO43 to ADP to make ATP.
- creatine phosphate must have PO43 put back on to be used again |
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Muscle fatigue
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When it becomes difficult for a muscle to continue contractions. 2 examples in notes***
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Skeletal muscle cont
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Striated (striped) due to sarcomeres
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Cardiac muscle
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Striated (striped), has myofibrils & sarcomeres
-works like skeletal muscle -not fibers, single cells -some cells have frayed edges -have intercalated disks at their edges |
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Cardiac muscle cont
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Their intercalated disks are like a sieve(screen/filter) of proteins that allow ions to pass from one cell to another
-cardiac cells pass APs to eachother -cardiac cells have spontaneous APs -not voluntary (you can't control cardiac muscle) |
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Smooth muscle
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Not voluntary, found in hollow organs, not striated. No myofibrils or sarcomeres
-no thin or thick fillaments attached to cytoskeleton -single cells |
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Atria
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Upper two chambers of the heart
-help fill lower chambers |
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Auricle
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Expendable bags outside atria to hold more blood
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Inner atrial septum
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Wall between atria, prevents blood from moving from one atria to the other
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Ventricles
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Lower 2 chambers
-right ventricle-pumps blood to lungs to get O2 -left ventricle- pump O2 rich blood to whole body |
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Interventricular septum in ventricles
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Muscular wall separating the ventricles which prevents the blood from mixing
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Electrical separation of chambers
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Connective tissue between atria & ventricles which prevents APs from moving from atria to ventricles
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Heart valves
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Prevent backward blood flow
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Atrioventricular (AV) valves
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Between atria & ventricles, prevents blood flowing from atria to ventricles
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Right AV valve
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Has 3 flaps= tricuspid valve
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Left AV valve
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Has 2 flaps= bicuspid valve
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Semilunar valves
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Three 1/2 moon shaped flaps
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