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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cholinergic agonists- direct
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Bind and active cholinergic receptors
-choline esters -plant alkaloids |
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cholinergic agonist- indirect
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increase synaptic concentrations of ACH
-cholinesterase inhibitors |
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Choline esters
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ACH, Carcachol- non-specific
bethanechol, methacholine- only muscarinic |
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Bethanechol
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(Urecholine)
Acts on muscarinic only, stimulates bladder w/out effects on BP, treatment of urine retention |
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Carbachol
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(Isoptocarbachol, Miostat) for chronic open-angle glaucoma, produce miosis during opthalmic surgery
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Pilocarpine
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(Isoptocarpine, Ocusert, Salagen) Higher affinity for muscarinic treats glaucoma, stimulates contraction of ciliary muscle fibers, increase aqueous humor outflow, decrease IOP
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Donepezil
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(aricept) Cholinesterase inhibitor, treats Alzheimer's Disease, reversible
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Stigmines
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Cholinesterase inhibitors, treat Myasthenia Gravis, reversible
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Organophosphates
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Ecothiophate, Pesticides, Soman- treat chronic refractory Glaucoma, irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors, SLUDGE poisoning
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Atropine
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Plant alkaloid cholinergic muscarinic antagonist
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Muscarinic receptor Antagonists
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Smooth muscle relaxation, increase HR and AV Cardiac conduction and inhibit exocrine gland secretion, mydriasis, dry eyes, bronchodilation, reduced defication, urine retention
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Ipratropium
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Atrovent, muscarinic receptor antagonist, treats COPD, emphysema, bronchitis
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Dicyclomine
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Muscarinic antagonist, treatment of intestinal spasms/pain
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Oxybutynin
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treatment of dysuria and urinary incontinence, muscarinic antagonist
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Curariforms
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(Atracurium, Pancuronium, vecuronium) competitive antagonist for ACH and nicotinic muscle receptors, muscle relaxation and paralysis, reversed by cholinesterase
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Succinylcholine
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depolarizing nicotinic antagonist-->persistent depolarization, not reversed by cholinesterase
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Catecholamines
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Epi, NE, isoproterenol, dopamine, dobutamine- direct adrenergic agonists- given parenterally, effects depend on affinity and specificity for type of adrenergic receptor
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Epinephrine
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Bind all adrenergic receptors, alpha 1- vasoconstrict increase BP, Beta 1- cardiac stim, beta 2- Bronchodilation and skeletal muscle vasodilation, used in anaphylactic shock/cardiac arrest
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Norepinephrine
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alpha 1- vasoc. increase bp, cardiac stim beta 1, used in hypotension and shock
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Isoproterenol
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(Isoprel) cardiac stil (beta 1), bronchodilation (beta2), treats asthma, Av block, brady
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Dopamine,
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Precursor to epi, NE, renal vasodilation (D1), Cardiac stim (b1), increase BP (a1), treats cardiogenic shock, septic shock, heart failure and adjunct to fluid admin in hypovolemic shock, low dose will bind dopamine receptors, high dose to adrenergic
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Dobutamine
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Highest affinity for B1 less for A1, treats cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and heart failure
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Phenylephrine
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(Neosynephrine), Vasoconstriction, increased BP, mydriasis, alpha 1 only, nasal decongestant, ocular decongestant, maintenance of BP during surgery
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Albuterol
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(Proventil) bronchodilation (b2), used in asthma
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Clonidine
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(Catapres) Direct adrenergic agonist, inhibits NE release from nerve terminal of postganglionic neuron, Alpha 2, used to treat hypertension
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Amphetamine
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Adrenergic agonist, increase release of NE and DA, vasoconstriction, cardiac stim and increased BP, increases mood and alertness, decreases appetite
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Cocaine
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blockes reuptake of NE and DA in PNS and SNS
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Tyramine
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indirect adrenergic agonist, causes release of stored catecholamines
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Phenoxybenzamide
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(Dibenzyline) Non selective alpha blocker (adrenergic antagonist), non competitive, irreversible, treat hypertensive episodes associated with pheochromocytoma
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Phentolamine
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(Regitine) Competitive, reversible treat hypertensive episodes from pheochromocytoma
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