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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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voltage gated Ca2+ channel on the T tubule
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dihydropyridine receptor
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channel
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ryanodine receptor
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Slow fibers are type I or type IIa
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type I
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Slow fibers (type I):
myosin isoform (ATPase) oxidative capacity (# of mitochondria) glycolytic capacity diameter myoglobin content |
myosin isoform (ATPase): slow
oxidative capacity (# of mitochondria): high glycolytic capacity: moderate diameter: moderate myoglobin content: high (red color) |
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Fast fibers (type IIa):
myosin isoform (ATPase) oxidative capacity (# of mitochondria) glycolytic capacity diameter myoglobin content |
myosin isoform (ATPase): fast
oxidative capacity (# of mitochondria): Low glycolytic capacity: high diameter: large myoglobin content: low (white |
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CK is expressed where?
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neurons, brain, all muscles and highly energetic tissues
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creatine is synthesized where
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in liver and transported to muscle and brain
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functional of creatine kinase
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Add Pi derived from PCr to ADP to generate ATP
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In length-tension relationship (isometric contraction), filament overlap affects ______ force output, CT (elastic elements) affects _______ force.
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filament overlap: active
CT: passive |
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Of force-velocity relationship, max power is equal to
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1/3 Vmax
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Equation:
Power = |
work/time = F x V
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define satellite cells, where are they found, its function
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muscle "stem" cells, source of nuclei for muscle repaire, found outside of the muscle fiber btw basal lamina and sarcolemma.
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are satellite cells found in all vertebrate skeletal muscles?
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yes
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during muscle hypertrophy, what happens to satellite cells?
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the cell activate and fuse to existing fibers to produce muscle hypertrophy.
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muscle atrophy is what ____% decrease in muscle mass?
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30-50% decrease
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what happens to fiber diameter and fiber type during muscle atrophy?
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decrease of fiber diameter thru apoptosis of nuclei. fiber type adapt.
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Define acute model of atrophy (disuse)
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30-50% decrease in muscle mass
decreased fiber diameter modest decrease in specific force fiber properties shift toward fast |
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define chronic model of atrophy (aging)
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30% decrease in muscle mass
decreased fiber diameter specific force significantly impaired loss of fastest, most powerful fiber type (IIb) |
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2 types of drug to enhance muscle regeneration
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1. inhibiting myostatin
2. taking IGF |
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fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is mutation of what? what effect does it have?
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the mutation activates BMP receptor, which drives bone formation in nonskeletal areas. (may explain heterotopic ossification of muscle fibers)
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explain heterotopic ossification. when does it happen?
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satellite cells differentiate into bone cells in muscle. usually occurs after trauma to muscle.
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satellite cells have the potential to differentiate into non muscle fibers depending on the physical location that they are in?
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T
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