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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Visceral smooth muscle cells function together as a tissue because |
there are areas of membrane fusion between neighbouring cells |
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In the absence of anti-diuretic hormone |
urine production rises |
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The transverse tubules in skeletal muscle fibres |
are continuous with the sacrolemma, are not continuous with the sacroplasmic reticulum, conduct the action potential to the interior of the muscle fibre, are essential forCa2+ release during sacromere activation |
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The tetanic tension developed in a muscle is determined by |
the action potential frequency |
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There is usually little loss of plasma proteins through the glomerular capillary wall BECAUSE |
most protein molecules are too large to diffuse through the glomerular epithelium |
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This statement about skeletal muscle is correct |
small motor unit size isconsistent with fine muscular control |
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During excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle |
calcium is released from the terminal sacs of the sacroplasmic reticulum |
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Alveolar Type 1 cells |
cells constitute the bulk of the alveolar lining |
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Recruitment of muscle fibres in skeletal muscle is due to |
more neurons being excited |
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A fall in the concentration of plasma protein due to decreased synthesis will result in |
an increase in interstitial water |
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11. Smooth muscle cells |
are mononucleate, are frequently connected together bytight junctions, often exhibit myogenic electrical activity, can develop optimal active tension over a wide range of resting lengths |
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The volume of gas which diffuses across the alveolar capillary membrane per unit time is |
directly proportional to the solubility of the gas in the membrane, directly proportional to the partial pressure difference across the membrane, directly proportional to the surface area of the membrane,inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane |
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Most of the total plasma protein is synthesised in the |
liver |
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Intracellular fluid has a |
high potassium concentration relative to interstitialfluid |
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During respiration at rest, expiration is |
passive due to resting surface tension and to elastic recoil |
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When CO2 diffuses into blood in the systemic capillaries, most of it |
is converted to bicarbonate ions in the red blood cells |
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The rate at which the stomach empties after a meal is increased by |
gastrin production |
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Alveolar pressure is |
higher than intrapleural pressure during inspiration,higher than intrapleural pressure during expiration |
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Events that may be involved in initiation of labour in the human include a rise in |
plasma progesterone ; oestrogen ratio, uterine sensitivity to oxytocin,circulating prostaglandis, plasma levels of oxytocin |
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Maintenance of normal labour involves |
reflex release of oxytocin |
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Heat production in the body at rest is mainly due to metabolic activity in |
the liver |
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Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone |
stimulates the release of both FSH and LH |
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Haemopoiesis is stimulated in a healthy person by |
injection of erythropoietin |
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The liver performs the major part of the body’s |
glycogen storage, deamination of amino acids, urea formation, plasma protein formation |
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25. Secretin |
stimulates the pancreas to secrete an alkaline juice |
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In the absence of pancreatic secretion, the faeces contain more fat because |
intestinal secretions contain no lipase activity |
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Most fat is absorbed as molecules of |
triacylglycerol in chylomicrons in the intestinal lymphatics. |
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Erythropoietin is a circulating hormone which |
affects red cell production mainly by regulating reticulocyte maturation |
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During the perception of hearing, sound waves produce an oscillation of |
the basilar membrane |
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Sensory neurons code the intensity of a sensory stimulus by |
the frequency of action potentials |
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The conduction velocity in a myelinated axon is reduced by |
reduced diameterof the axon |
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During near vision |
the lens becomes thicker and rounded |
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The retina of the eye |
contains cells sensitive to red light |
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In the ear the stapes is in contact with |
the oval window |
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Aldosterone secretion |
increases reabsorption of sodium by cells in the distal tubule and collecting tubule |
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Thirst experienced on the morning following an evening of excessive alcohol intake is due to the fact that alcohol |
inhibits antidiuretic hormone secretion |
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During the first trimester of pregnancy |
human chorionic gonadotrophin(hCG) maintains the corpus luteum |
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38. For lactation to occur |
`increased quantities of prolactin are required |
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A decrease in arterial blood pressure could be caused by an increase in |
arterial compliance |
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Cardiac output is |
distributed mainly to skeletal muscle during exercise |
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41. Intrinsic heart rate is |
identified through blocking of sympathetic and parasympathetic activation of the heart |
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Stroke volume is decreased by |
an increase in afterload |
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43. Pulse pressure is |
decreased by an increase in arterial compliance |
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Blood flow is NOT controlled by vasomotion along the length of |
capillaries |
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Veins |
are less stiff than arteries |
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A fall in the concentration of plasma protein due to a decreased synthesis will result in:
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an increase in interstitial waters
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Most of the total plasma protein is synthesised in the
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liver
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Erythropoietin is a circulating hormone which
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stimulates production of red blood cells
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Moderate haemorrhage will not cause
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reduced circulating levels of vasopressin
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Heat loss in the body occurs by
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evaporation
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When the blood pressure falls slightly, the kidney releases
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renin
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The renal medullary countercurrent mechanism is most important for
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water conservation
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(What) contributes most to medullary interstitial osmomolarity in the kidney
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Urea
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(What) is the property of the stomach that is essentialto life
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Secretion of digestive enzymes
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The liver performs the major part of the body’s
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breaking down of proteins
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Secretin
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stimulates the pancreas to secrete an alkaline juice
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A woman, whose last menstrual period was 5 weeks ago, wishes to know whether she is pregnant. The most appropriate parameter to measure is urinary excretion of
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chronic gonadotrophin
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In relation to the ovarian follicle
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it consists of theca cells and granulosacells, the theca cells have receptors for LH, when stimulated by LH thecacells synthesise male hormones, when stimulated by FSH granulosa cellssynthesise oestrogen from the androgens produced by theca cells
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The muscle type responsible for movement of the skeleton is known as
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somatic, voluntary, striated and skeletal muscle
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Cell types which secrete proteins are characterised by a high concentration of Golgi apparatus BECAUSE the Golgi apparatus is the site of cellular
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protein packaging
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Free fatty acids are released into the circulation in response to
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injection of insulin
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17. Maintenance of normal labour involves
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reflex release of oxytocin
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Testosterone
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exerts a negative feedback on the hypothalamus and anteriorpituitary gland
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Gonadotrophin–releasing hormone
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stimulates the release of both fsh and lh
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After delivery of pancreatic juice to the duodenum, trypsinogen is converted to its active form, trypsin, by
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enterokinase
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The vestibular apparatus in the ear is unable to detect
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linear motion of thebody at constant velocity
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The most common cells in the CNS are
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astrocytes
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Auditory action potentials are initiated in
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hair cells of the organ of Corti
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The myelin sheath in the CNS is produced by
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oligodendrocytes
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The chain of ossicles in the middle ear transmits vibrations from
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the tympanic membrane to the oval window
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Contraction of the ciliary muscles of the eye
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focuses the eye on near objects
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The systemic and pulmonary circulations are (what) parallel with each other
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Not
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Well oxygenated blood does (what) flow from the right atrium to the rightventricle
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Not
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Cardiac output is NOT
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distributed mainly to the heat and brain at rest
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Poiseuille’s law for flow in tubes would NOT predict that
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aortic blood flow isincreased as the internal radius of the aorta is decreased
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Regional blood flow is NOT controlled by changes in
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capillary volume
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The Fick equation would NOT predict that the O2 consumption of the heartcan be increased by
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decreasing the coronary venous O2 concentration
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The skeletal muscle pump does NOT
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decrease the pooling of blood in the legs when standing upright
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When a skeletal muscle cell is in a relaxed state, a myosin cross–bridge will be
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in a high energy form, with ADP and Pi bound to it
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During a skeletal muscle contraction
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the distance between the Z lines changes in length
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(What?) is NOT a function of the conductive zone airways
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Exchanging gases with the pulmonary circulation
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The smallest airways of the conducting zone are
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bronchioles
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Surfactant is secreted by
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type 2 pneumocytes
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The product of tidal volume and respiratory breathing frequency is
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minute ventilation
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Pulmonary surfactant
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prevents collapse of alveoli, prevents small alveoli from joining with large alveoli, increases lung compliance, decreases the work of breathing
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At the normal resting pO2 of mixed venous blood, saturation of haemoglobin is approximately
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75.0%
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A rise in arterial pCO2 triggers an increase in ventilation through centralchemoreceptors which respond to
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H ions the cerebrospinal fluid
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Haemoglobin in the blood binds to
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carbon dioxide
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Cardiac muscle cells are found in
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ventricles of the heart
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Within a whole muscle, activation of a single motor neuron results in activation of
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100% of muscle fibres associated with that motor unit
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