Physiology Lab Midterm 3

Front 1

Corticotropin-releasing horomone (CRH). (origin and effect)

Back 1

Hyothalamus --> anterior pituitary. Stimulates secretion of adrenocorticotripoic hormone (ACTH)

Front 2

Gonadotropin-releasing horomone (GnRH)

Back 2

hypothalamus--> anterior pituitary. Stimulates secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Front 3

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PH) (Dopamine structure)

Back 3

Hypothalamus--> Anterior Pituitary. Inhibits prolactin secretion

Front 4

Somatostatin

Back 4

hypothalamus--> anterior pituitary. inhibits secretion of growth hormone

Front 5

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Back 5

hypothalamus--> anterior pituitary. Stimulates secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Front 6

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Back 6

Hypothalamus--> anterior pituitary. Stimulates growth hormone secretion

Front 7

Pathway of hypothalamic hormones to anterior pituitary

Back 7

Hyothalamic neurons secete hormones into primary capillary plexus--> hypophyseal portal veins (where they stimulate or inhibit release of hormones from anterior pituitary)--> anterior pituitary hormones secreted into 2ndary capillaries

Front 8

trophic hormones stimulate hormone secretion in other glands (name them) (come from)

Back 8

All come from anterior pituitary. GH (growth hormone), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormones), ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), FSH (follicle stimulating hormones), LH (luteinizing hormone), PRL (prolactin)

Front 9

Trophic hormones can cause

Back 9

hypertrophy of target organ at high concentrations

Front 10

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone): target tissue, actions, regulation of secretion

Back 10

effects adrenal cortex, stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids, stimulated by CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)/inhibited by glucocorticoids

Front 11

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) target tissue, actions, regulation of secretion

Back 11

thyroid gland, stimulates secretion of thyroid homones, stimulated by TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormones), inhibited by thyroid hormone

Front 12

GH (growth hormone) target tissue, actions, regulation of secretion

Back 12

Most tissue, promotes protein synthesis and growth, lipolysis and increased blood glucose, inhibited by somatostatin, stimulated by growth hormone-releasing hormone.

Front 13

FSH: target tissue, actions, regulation of secretion

Back 13

tagets gonads, promotes gamete productinon and stimulates estrogen production in females. Stimulated by GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone), inhibited by sex steroids and inhibin

Front 14

Prolactin (PRL) target tissue, actions, regulation of secretion

Back 14

targets mammary glands, other sex accessory organs. Promotes milk production in lactating females, additional actions in other organs

Front 15

LH: target tissue, actions, regulation of secretion

Back 15

Targets gonads, stimulates sex hormone secretion, ovulation and corpus leteum formation in females, stimulates testerone secretion in males

Front 16

Pathway of hypothalmic hormones to posterior pituitary

Back 16

Hypothalamic neurons synthesizes oxytocin and ADH, they're transported along hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract to the posterior pituitary. Then they're stored in axon terminals along post pituitary, then released to the blood.

Front 17

Posterior pituitary hormones & efffects

Back 17

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH/vasopressin): promotes water reabsorption in kidneys, urine decrease
Oxytocin: stimulates smooth muscle contraction, especially during parturition (birthing). Promotes milk let down (milk ejection reflex)

Front 18

Adrenal cortex hormones:

Back 18

release hormones called cortiocosteroids. Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

Front 19

Adrenal cortex hormones plus their secretions (Girls from russia Make good sex)

Back 19

zona Glomerulosa: Mineralcorticoids
Zona fasciculata: glucocorticoids
Zona retcularis: sex steroids

Front 20

Zona glomerulosa:

Back 20

secretes mineralcorticoids.
Regulate Na+ and K+ balance
Aldosterone: Sodium and water retention; while excreting potassium

Front 21

Zona fasciculata

Back 21

Secretes glucocorticoids. Regulate glucose metabolism and that of other organic molecules.
Cortisol: stimulate glucose formation and inhibit utilization of glucose.

Front 22

zona reticularis

Back 22

secrete sex steroids
Weak androgens like Dehydropepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Front 23

adrenal cortex regulated by ____, adrenal medulla regulated by

Back 23

hormones, neural innervation

Front 24

adrenal medulla secretes

Back 24

epinephrine, norepinephrine which cause sympathetic-like response, activated by stress (flight or flight)

Front 25

Goiter formation: caused by __

Back 25

hypothyroidism- low iodine intake, nutritional deficiency, endemic goiter. hyperthyroidism- autoimmune response, graves disease

Front 26

Pancreas endocrine cells located in ____, two types and their secretions

Back 26

islets of langerhans, alpha cells secrete glucagon, beta cells secrete insulin

Front 27

insulin and glucagon have ___ relationship. After meal insulin ____, and glucagon ___

Back 27

insulin increases, glucagon decreases

Front 28

After meals, blood glucose/amino acid/fatty acids/ ketone bodies __

Back 28

decrease

Front 29

Diabetes Type I: offset, caused by destruction of ___, lack of, conditions

Back 29

adolescent onset, caused by destruction of beta cells, lak of insulin secretion leads to extracellular hyperglycemia and increase lipolysis, ketonemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, 10%

Front 30

Type II diabetes mellitus: offset, condition

Back 30

non insulin dependent, maturity-onset diabetes, insulin resistant, normal or elevated insulin initally, relative insulin deficiency, obese, 90%

Front 31

Pineal gland hormone

Back 31

melatonin, biological clock, night/day

Front 32

Adipose tissue (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 32

leptin, hypothalamus, suppresses appetite

Front 33

adrenal cortex (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 33

glucocorticoids aldosterone, liver/muscles/kidneys, glucocorticoids influence glucose metabolism, aldosterone promotes Na retention, K excretion

Front 34

adrenal medulla (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 34

epinephrine, heart/bronchioles, blood vessels. Causes adrenergic stimulation.

Front 35

heart (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 35

atrial natriuretic hormone, kidneys, promotes excretion of Na in urine

Front 36

hypothalamus (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 36

releasing and inhibiting hormones, anterior pituitary, regulates secretion of anterior pituitary hormones

Front 37

small intestine (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 37

secretin and chloecystokinin, stomach/liver/pancreas, inhibits gastic motility and stimulates bile and pancreatic juice secretion

Front 38

Islets of langerhans (pancreas) (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 38

insulin, glucagon, effects many organs/liver/adipose tissue. Insulin promotes cellular uptake of glucose and formation of glycogen and fat, glucagon stimulates hydrolysis of glycogen and fat.

Front 39

kidneys (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 39

erthropoietin, bone marrow, stimulates red blood cell production

Front 40

Liver (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 40

somatomedins, cartilage, stimulates cell division and growth

Front 41

Ovaries (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 41

estradiol-17beta and progesterone, female reproduction tract and mammary glands, maintains structure of reproduction tract and promotes secondary sex characteristics

Front 42

parathyroid glands

Back 42

parathyroid hormone, bone/small intestine/kidneys, increases Ca2+ concentration in the blood

Front 43

pineal gland (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 43

melatonin, hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, affects secretion of gonadotrophic hormones

Front 44

anterior pituitary (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 44

trophic hormones, endocrine glands and other organs, stimulates growth and development of target organs and stimulates secretion of other hormones

Front 45

posterior pituitary (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 45

antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin, kidney/ BV uterus, mammary glands, antidiuretic hormone promotes water retention and vasoconstriction, oxytocin stimulates contraction of uterus and mammary secretory units

Front 46

skin (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 46

1,25-dihydroxvitamin D, small intestine, stimulates absorption of Ca2+

Front 47

stomach (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 47

gastrin, stomach, stimulates acid secretion

Front 48

testes (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 48

testosterone, prostate/seminal vesicles/other organs, stimulates secondary sexual development

Front 49

thymus (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 49

thymopoietin, lymph nodes, stimulates WBC production

Front 50

thyroid gland (hormones, target organs, effects)

Back 50

thyroxine (T4) and triidothyronine (T3), cacitonin. Most organs, thyroxine and triiodothyronine promote growth and stimulate basal rate of cell respriation (basal metabolic rate), calcitonin may participate in the regulation of blood Ca2+ levels

Front 51

Pituitary gland attached to the ___ by the ___. Anterior is ___ tissue, posterior is _____ tissue,

Back 51

hypothalamus, infundibulum, glandular, neural