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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Solute
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What is being dissolved, have less of it
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Solvent
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What does the dissolving, have more of it
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pH
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A reflection of the concentration of Hydrogen ions in a solution. The higher the H+ concentration, the lower the pH
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Buffers
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Maintain pH of a solution. It removes the H+ when pH is too low and donates a H+ when its to high.
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Bicarbonate buffer system
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maintains blood pH
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Diffusion
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Random spreading out of molecules in a solution. Higher temperature increases rate of diffusion.
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Osmosis
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Diffusion of water moving down its concentration gradient.
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Tonicity
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comparison of solution concentrations on 2 sides of the membrane
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Isotonic
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solution concentration inside the cell and outside the cell are the same
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Hypertonic
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solution concentration is higher than 300mOsm or 0.9% NaCl
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Hypotonic
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solution concentration is lower than 300mOsm or 0.9% NaCl
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Crenation
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Shrinking of a cell that occurs when a cell is placed into a hypertonic solution.
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Lyse
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Explosion of cells that occurs when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution
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Retina
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receives images formed by the lens and converts them into signals that reach the brain
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Fovea
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depression in the retina that contains only cones and provides acute eye sight
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Optic Disk
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circular area where the optic nerve enters the retina and location of the eyes blind spot
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Cornea
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clear part of the eye covering the iris and pupil. Lets light into eye
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Lens
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Focuses light rays into the retina
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Iris
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Color part of eye. Widens and narrows pupil
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Conductive deafness
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sound vibrations are interrupted in the outer or middle ear. Cased by otitis media, an infection in the middle ear.
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Sensorineural deafness
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loss of hearing resulting from problems in the inner ear.
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Systolic Pressure
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Ventricular contraction
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Diastolic pressure
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ventricular relaxation
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Pulse pressure
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the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
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Mean arterial pressure
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Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure
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Tachycardia
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Faster heart rate
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Bradycardia
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slower heart rate
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Twitch
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when an individual muscle fiber is stimulated by a single impulse from a motor neuron
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Tonic
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Slow or no adapting
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Phasic
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quickly adapting
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Receptor
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peripheral endings of afferent neurons
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Reflex arc
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receptor, afferent neuron, integrating neuron, efferent neuron, effector
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Afferent neuron
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conducts impulses towards CNS
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Efferent neuron
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conducts impulses away from CNS
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Emmetropia
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Normal vision
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Myopia
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Near sighted
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Hyperopia
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far sighted
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presbyopia
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old, unable to change lens
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rods
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white and black
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cones
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colors
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astigmatism
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cornea is abnormally curved
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Electrical activity in heart
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SA node- AV node- Bundle of His-Purkinje Fibers
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Atheroscelrosis
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hardening of the arteries, it happens when you endothelium gets damaged and can cause heart attacks
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stenosis
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degeneration of the spine
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neurotransmitter
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a chemical contained in synaptic vesicles in nerve endings that is released into the synaptic cleft
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action potential
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an all or none electrical event in an axon or muscle fiber which the polarity of the membrane potential is rapidly reversed
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receptor
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a specialized cell or group of nerve endings that responds to a sensory stimuli
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graded potential
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a gradient of transmembrane potential difference along a length of cell membrane
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concentration
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amount of solute dissolved in a certain volume of solvent
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negative feedback
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set point (72 degrees), sensor (68 degrees), integrator (thermostat), effector (furnace)
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plantar reflex
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toes coming together and flexing (downward movement)
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babinski reflex
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toes fanning out laterally and extending (upward movement)
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laminar flow
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smooth and steady
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turbulent flow
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noisy
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myosin
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the protein that forms the A bands of striated muscle cells
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actin
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a structural protein of muscle that along with myosin is responsible for muscle contraction
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tropomyosin
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a filamentous protein that attaches to actin the the thin filaments
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troponin
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a protein found in the thin filaments of the sarcomeres of skeletal muscle.
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