Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Metabolism - def'n
|
the sum of the chemical changes occurring in tissue consisting of anabolic and catabolic processes
|
|
|
metabolic rate - components
|
The minimal amount of cell activity associated with organic functions of:
Respiration Circulation Excretion |
|
|
Sugars are converted by the _____ into _______
|
Sugars are converted by the _liver_ into _glucose_
|
|
|
During metabolism, ___% of energy released as heat
|
During metabolism, _60_% of energy released as heat
|
|
|
H = . . .
|
H = heat
|
|
|
W = . . .
|
W = work
|
|
|
ΔE = . . . (desc)
|
ΔE = change in internal energy (ie energy liberated)
|
|
|
ΔE = . . . (formula)
|
ΔE = H + W
|
|
|
Total energy expenditure = (formula)
|
internal heat produced
+ external work performed + energy stored |
|
|
Metabolic rate - def'n
|
Total energy expenditure per unit time
|
|
|
calorie - def'n
|
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one liter of water 1 degree Celsius
|
|
|
Typical Metabolic Rate - female
|
120 lb woman = 1400 kcal/day
|
|
|
Typical Metabolic Rate - male
|
160 lb man = 1700 kcal/day
|
|
|
Each liter of oxygen used corresponds to the expenditure of about ___ kcal
|
Each liter of oxygen used corresponds to the expenditure of about _5_ kcal
|
|
|
about ___% of the energy ingested reaches the functional systems (ie. cells)
|
about _25_% of the energy ingested reaches the functional systems (ie. cells)
|
|
|
We need _____ grams of protein daily to replace the protein we use during the course of a normal day
|
We need _30 to 50_ grams of protein daily to replace the protein we use during the course of a normal day
|
|
|
BMI - formula
|
weight in kg/the square of the height in meters
|
|
|
Ways to Measure Body Fat
|
Body Mass Index
Waist-to-hip Ratio Skinfold thickness |
|
|
Waist-Hip ratio - desc
|
in cm
Men: 1.0 or lower Women: 0.8 or lower |
|
|
Skinfold thickness - areas of measurement
|
A= Triceps skinfold thickness (in mm)
B= Subscapular skinfold (mm) % body fat |
|
|
Under normal conditions, blood flow to muscles (and other organs) is controlled by ________ mechanisms
|
Under normal conditions, blood flow to muscles (and other organs) is controlled by _intrinsic_ mechanisms
|
|
|
Under stressful conditions, organs compete with each other for blood flow – _______ and _______ controls play a larger role.
|
Under stressful conditions, organs compete with each other for blood flow – _neural_ and _hormonal_ controls play a larger role.
|
|
|
Transition from Rest to Exercise is Preceded by anticipated increase in __________ activity (________ secretion) and a decrease in __________ activity
|
Transition from Rest to Exercise is Preceded by anticipated increase in _sympathetic nervous_ activity (_epinephrine_ secretion) and a decrease in _parasympathetic_ activity
|
|
|
___________ is the predominant ATP generating mechanism in exercising muscle cells
|
_Anaerobic glycolysis_ is the predominant ATP generating mechanism in exercising muscle cells
|
|
|
In mild to moderate exercise, arterial oxygen and CO2 concentrations change _______
|
In mild to moderate exercise, arterial oxygen and CO2 concentrations change _very little_
|
|
|
Pulmonary ventilation increases due to a response from signals arising from ____________ and ________ in the exercising muscles
|
Pulmonary ventilation increases due to a response from signals arising from _mechanoreceptors_ and _chemoreceptors_ in the exercising muscles
|
|
|
Mobilization of energy stores is regulated by changes in plasma levels of:
|
Glucagon (rises)
Epinephrine (rises) Cortisol (rises) Insulin (drops) |
|
|
After initial shift from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism, Insulin levels _____
|
After initial shift from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism, Insulin levels _drop_
|
|
|
After initial shift from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism, Cortisol levels _____
|
After initial shift from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism, Cortisol levels _rise_
|
|
|
VO2max - def'n
|
the body’s capacity for making use of oxygen
|
|
|
Spirometer - desc
|
measures expiratory volume
|
|
|
Thermister - desc
|
measures temp of expired gases
|
|
|
Proteins are absorbed by the body as _______ making the body slightly more ________
|
Proteins are absorbed by the body as _amino acids_ making the body slightly more _acidic_
|
|
|
Carbohydrates are absorbed by the body mostly as _________
|
Carbohydrates are absorbed by the body mostly as _monosaccharides_
|
|
|
1 kg = ___ lb
|
1 kg = _2.2_ lb
|
|
|
A deficit of energy intake causes a loss of ____________
|
A deficit of energy intake causes a loss of _muscle mass_
|
|
|
BMI - formula (Imperial)
|
weight in lb * 703
------------------------- (Height in inches)^2 |
|
|
BMI - Normal Range
|
18.5 - 24.9
|
|
|
BMI - Obesity
|
>= 30
|
|
|
Overweight & active vs. normal weight & sedentary?
|
Overweight & active
|
|
|
Pear figure vs Hourglass figure?
|
Hourglass figure
(pear concentrates fat around vital organs) |
|
|
Anaerobic exercise leads to a buildup of __________
|
Anaerobic exercise leads to a buildup of _lactic acid_
|
|
|
Aerobic exercise leads to a increase in ________
|
Aerobic exercise leads to a increase in _VO2max_
|
|
|
Hitting "The Wall" is due to:
|
Intrinsic factors within cell
System factors influenced by - Metabolic stresses - Environmental stresses - Psychological factors |
|
|
Glycogen depletion = ____________
|
Glycogen depletion = _terminal fatigue_
|
|
|
The higher one's VO2max, the more . . .
|
The higher one's VO2max, the more . . . intensely one can work out without becoming out of breath or feeling tired
|
