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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ingestion - def'n
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Materials entering the digestive tract
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Mechanical processing - def'n
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Crushing and shearing of food
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Digestion - def'n
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Chemical breakdowninto smaller fragments
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Secretion - def'n
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Release of water, acids, enzymes & buffers
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Absorption - def'n
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Movement of nutrients across epithelium and into the interstitial fluid of the digestive tract
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Excretion - def'n
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Removal of waste products
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Peristalsis - def'n
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waves of muscular contractions that move food along the digestive tract
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Segmentation - def'n
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Cycles of contractions (churn & fragment) that mix food with intestinal secretions
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Mechanical digestion - desc
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Mastication/chewing breaks into pieces, mixes with saliva so it forms a bolus
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Chemical digestion - desc
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Amylase begins starch digestion at pH 6.5/7 in mouth, but stops when reaches acidic stomach
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Lingual lipase - desc
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Secreted by glands in tongue
Begins breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol |
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Voluntary phase of swallowing - desc
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Tongue pushes food to back of oral cavity
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Involuntary phase of swallowing - desc
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Pharyngeal phase:
Breathing stops and airways are closed Soft palate and uvula are lifted to close off nasopharynx vocal cords close epiglottis is bent over airways as larynx is lifted |
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Travel time for food down esophagus
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4-8 seconds
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Travel time for liquids down esophagus
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1 second
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Function of stomach - desc
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Storage of ingested food
Mechanical breakdown of food checmical breakdown of food via acid and enzymes Production of Intrinsic factor |
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Intrinsic factor - def'n
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A glycoprotein that aids in the absorption of vitaim B12 in the small intestine
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Chyme - def'n
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In stomach, highly acidic mixture of partially digested food
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Parietal cells - desc
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Secrete:
Intrinsic factor HCl Bicarbonate |
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Chief Cells - desc
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Secrete:
Pepsinogen |
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Pepsinogen + HCl = . . .
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Pepsinogen + HCl = Pepsin
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Amount released through Pyloric valve at each wave
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1-2 tspns
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_____ protects the stomach walls from being digested
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_mucous_ protects the stomach walls from being digested
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Most absorption occurs in the ________
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Most absorption occurs in the _jejunum_
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Bile - desc
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Made by liver, stored in gallbladder
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CCK - stimulus
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Arrival of chyme
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CCK - Origin
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Duodenum
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CCK - Targets & effects
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Pancreas - Stimulates pancreatic enzymes
Gallbladder - Stimulates gallbladder Stomach - Inhibits gastric secretion |
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Gastric Inhibitory Peptidase (GIP) - Stimulus
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Arrival of chyme
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Gastric Inhibitory Peptidase (GIP) - Origin
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Duodenum
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Gastric Inhibitory Peptidase (GIP) - Targets & efftects
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Panceras - release of insulin
Stomach - Inhibits gastric secretion Adipose tissue - Stimulates lipid synthesis Skeletal tissue - Stimulates glucose use |
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Gastrin - Stimul(us/i)
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Vagus nerve stimulation
Arrival of Chyme |
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Gastrin - Origin(s)
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Stomach
Duodenum |
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Gastrin - Targets & Efftects
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Stomach - stimulates production of acids & enzymes
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Secretin - Stimulus
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Arrival of chyme
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Secretin - Origin
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Duodenum
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Secretin - Targets & effects
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Pancreas - Stimulates alkaline buffers
Stomach - Inhibits gastric secretion Liver - Increases bile secretion |
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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) - Stimulus
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Arrival of chyme
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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) - Origin
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Duodenum
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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) - Targets & effects
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Duodenal glands & stomach - Stimulates buffer secretion; Inhibits acid production; dilates intestinal capillaries
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Brush border enzymes in small intestine act on ________
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Brush border enzymes in small intestine act on _disaccharides_
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Carbohydrates are digested in:
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Mouth - salivary amylase
Duodenum - pancreatic amylase Small Intestine - Brush border enzymes |
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Proteins are digested in:
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Stomach - HCl & Pepsin
Small Intestine - digestive enzymes split peptides into amino acids |
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HCl in stomach ____ proteins
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HCl in stomach _denatures_ proteins
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Pepsin in stomach turns proteins into _____
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Pepsin in stomach turns proteins into _peptides_
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Lipids are digested in:
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Mouth - Ligual lipase
Small Intestine - emulsification by bile; pancreatic lipase splits lipid into fatty acid and monoglyceride |
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Haustral Churning - desc
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In large intestine, relaxed pouches are filled from below by muscular contractions
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Gastroilial reflex - desc
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When stomach is full, gastrin hormone relaxes iliocecal sphincter so small intestine will empty and make room
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Gastrocolic reflex - desc
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When stomach fills, a strong peristaltic wave moves contents of transverse colon into rectum
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Bacteria produce vitamins __ & ___ in colon
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Bacteria produce vitamins _K_ & _B_ in colon
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