Physiology Lab - 07 - Respiration

Front 1

Pharynx - desc

Back 1

Throat to esoophagus

Front 2

Larynx - desc

Back 2

Voicebox to trachea

Front 3

Upper respirtatory tract - desc

Back 3

Above vocal cords

Front 4

Lower respirtatory tract - desc

Back 4

Below vocal cords

Front 5

Breathing is driven by a _____ gradient

Back 5

Breathing is driven by a _pressure_ gradient

Front 6

Intrathoracic pressure is always ________

Back 6

Intrathoracic pressure is always _subatmospheric_

Front 7

As disphragm contracts, intrathoracic pressure _______

Back 7

As disphragm contracts, intrathoracic pressure _decreases_

Front 8

Quiet Inspiration - desc

Back 8

Diaphragm moves 1cm
ribs lifted by muscles
Intrathoracic pressure falls
2-3 liters inhaled

Front 9

Quiet Expiration - desc

Back 9

Passive process, i.e. no muscle action
Elastic recoil & surface tension in alveoli pulls inward
Alveolar pressure increases & air is pushed out

Front 10

Forced Expiration - desc

Back 10

Abdominal muscles force diaphragm up
Internal intercostals depress ribs

Front 11

Eupnea - def'n

Back 11

Normal, quiet breathing

Front 12

Apnea - def'n

Back 12

Temporary cessation of breathing

Front 13

Dyspnea - def'n

Back 13

Difficult or labored breathing

Front 14

Tachypnea - def'n

Back 14

Rapid Breathing

Front 15

Diaphragmatic breathing - def'n

Back 15

Descent of diaphragm causes stomach to bulge during insiration

Front 16

Costal Breathing - def'n

Back 16

Just rib activity involved

Front 17

External Inspiration - desc

Back 17

Gross level
O2 and CO2 exchange with environment

Front 18

Internal respiration - desc

Back 18

AKA cellular respiration
uptake of O2 and production of CO2 within individual cells

Front 19

Nitrogen is about ___% of air

Back 19

Nitrogen is about _79_% of air

Front 20

Oxygen is about ___% of air

Back 20

Oxygen is about _21_% of air

Front 21

CO2 is about ___% of air

Back 21

CO2 is about _.04_% of air

Front 22

Oxygen is about ___% of Alveolar air

Back 22

Oxygen is about _14_% of Alveolar air

Front 23

CO2 is about ___% of Alveolar air

Back 23

CO2 is about _5.2_% of Alveolar air

Front 24

Oxygen is about ___% of Expired air

Back 24

Oxygen is about _16_% of Expired air

Front 25

CO2 is about ___% of Expired air

Back 25

CO2 is about _4.5_% of Expired air

Front 26

Each RBC has about ___ Hb molecules

Back 26

Each RBC has about _280 mm_ Hb molecules

Front 27

Each Hb molecule has ___ binding sites

Back 27

Each Hb molecule has _4_ binding sites

Front 28

Hypercapnia - def'n

Back 28

Increase in arterial CO2
Stimulates chemoreceptors in medulla oblongata to restore homeostasis

Front 29

Hypocapnia - def'n

Back 29

Low CO2
Stimulates chemoreceptors to decrease respiratory rate

Front 30

Hypoventilation cause ___capnia

Back 30

Hypoventilation cause _hyper_capnia

Front 31

Hyperventilation causes ____capnia

Back 31

Hyperventilation causes _hypo_capnia

Front 32

hemoglobin has a ______ affinity for CO than O2

Back 32

hemoglobin has a _higher_ affinity for CO than O2

Front 33

Smokers problems - list

Back 33

nicotine constricts terminal bronchioles
CO in smoke binds to hemoglobin
irritants in smoke causes excess mucus secretion
in time, elastic fibers in lung are destroyed, leading to emphysema

Front 34

Emphyemsa - def'm

Back 34

Trapping of air in alveoli & reduced gas exchange

Front 35

Abrupt changes at start of exercise are due to a _____ response

Back 35

Abrupt changes at start of exercise are due to a _neural_ response

Front 36

Pneumothorax - desc

Back 36

Surface tension and recoil of elastic fibers causes the lung to collapse

Front 37

Tracheostomy - desc

Back 37

incision in trachea below cricoid cartilage if larynx is obstructed

Front 38

Intubation - desc

Back 38

Passing a tube from mouth or nose through larynx and trachea

Front 39

Respiratory rate - def'n

Back 39

# of breaths per minute

Front 40

Tidal volume - def'n

Back 40

Volume of air moved between normal inspiration and expiration

Front 41

Repiratory Minute volume - def'n

Back 41

Amount of air moved per minute
Measures pulmonary ventilation

Front 42

Repiratory Minute volume - formula

Back 42

respiratory rate * tidal volume

Front 43

Residual volume - def'n

Back 43

Amount of air that remains in your lungs even after maximum exhalation - about 1200 ml

Front 44

Expiratory Reserve volume (ERV) - def'n

Back 44

amount of air you can expire voluntarily after expiration of tidal volume

Front 45

Inspiratory Reserve volume (IRV) - def'n

Back 45

amount of air that you can take in over and above tidal volume
Men = 3300 ml
Women = 1900 ml

Front 46

Inspiratory Capacity - formula

Back 46

Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume

Front 47

Functional Residual Capacity - formula

Back 47

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

Front 48

Vital Capacity - formula

Back 48

Expiratory Reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

Front 49

Total Lung capacity - formula

Back 49

Vital Capacity + residual volume