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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Things the kidney regulates
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ions
pH Osmolarity Glucose Blood volume Blood pressure |
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The kidneys regulate Blood pressure by secreting _______
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The kidneys regulate Blood pressure by secreting _renin_
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____ makes the kidneys regulate Blood Volume
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_ADH_ makes the kidneys regulate Blood Volume
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Things the kidney releases
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EPO (Erythropoietin)
Calcitrol (Enhances calcium absorption) |
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The kidneys receive __% of resting cardiac output via renal arteries
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The kidneys receive _25_% of resting cardiac output via renal arteries
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Renal corpuscle - desc
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Site of plasm filtration
Composed of glomerulus, capillaries & bowman's capsule |
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# of nephrons in a kidney
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> 1 mm
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Renal tubule - desc
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Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle Distal Tubule |
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Nephron - Components
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Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule Collecting ducts and Papillary ducts |
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____________ regulate blood flow & renal resistance by altering arterioles
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_Sympathetic vasomotor nerves_ regulate blood flow & renal resistance by altering arterioles
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Increase in Kidney size is due to . . . .
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Increase in Kidney size is due to . . . . increase in size of individual nephrons
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Dysfunction in kidney is not evident until function declines by ___%
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Dysfunction in kidney is not evident until function declines by _25_%
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Removal of one kidney cause enlargement of the remaining until it can fileter at ___% of normal rate of 2 kidneys
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Removal of one kidney cause enlargement of the remaining until it can fileter at _80_% of normal rate of 2 kidneys
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Rate of excretion = . . .
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Rate of excretion = . . . rate of filtration + rate of secretion - rate of reabsorption
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Filtration fraction is ___% of plasma
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Filtration fraction is _20_% of plasma
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The kidneys produce ___ gallons of fltrate per day, of which ___ qt of urine is produced
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The kidneys produce _48_ gallons of fltrate per day, of which _1-2_ qt of urine is produced
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Lack of ADH causes ___ ratio of water to solutes
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Lack of ADH causes _high_ ratio of water to solutes
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Osmolarity of filtrate is ____ blood in PCT
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Osmolarity of filtrate is _equal to_ blood in PCT
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Principal cells _do/do not_ reabosrb water if ADH is low
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Principal cells _do not_ reabosrb water if ADH is low
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Reabsorption rates of water in the ducts
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PCT - 65%
Loop of Henle - 15% DCT - 10-15% Collecting dust - 5-10% (with ADH) |
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Diuretic - def'n
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Substance that slows renal reabsorption of awater & causes diuresis
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Diuresis - def'n
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Increased urine flow rate
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Common diuretics - list
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caffeine
alcohol prescription meds |
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How does caffeine act as a diurectic?
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Caffeine inhibits Na+ reabsorption
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How does alcohol act as a diurectic?
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Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ADH
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Normal urine has ___ proteins
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Normal urine has _no_ proteins
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Plasma creatinine will show in the blood due to . . .
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Plasma creatinine will show in the blood due to . . . skeletal muscle breakdown
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BUN (______) measures ________ and ____ if GFR decreases
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BUN (_Blood Urea Nitrogen test_) measures _urea in blood_ and _rises_ if GFR decreases
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Renal plasma clearance - def'n
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Removal of a substance from blood in ml/minute
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Normal GFR = ____ ml/min
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Normal GFR = _125_ ml/min
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____% of filtrate is excreted as urine
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_< 1_% of filtrate is excreted as urine
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Tubular secretion = ________
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Tubular secretion = _Opposite of reabsorption_
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Reabsorption = ___________
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Reabsorption = _Opposite of Tubular secretion_
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Urine = ___% Water
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Urine = _95_% Water
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24 hour Urine = _____ ml
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24 hour Urine = _1200-1500_ ml
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Color of urine varies with . . .
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diet
medication hydration |
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Range of specific gravity for urine
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1.003 - 1.030
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pH of Urine is normally about ___
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pH of Urine is normally about _6.0_
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Glucose _is/is not_ normally detected in urine
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Glucose _is not_ normally detected in urine
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Protein _is/is not_ normally detected in urine
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Protein _is not_ normally detected in urine
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Kidney disorders - list
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Renal calculi
Urinary tract infections Glomerular disease Renal failure Polycystic kidney disease Urinary bladder cancer |
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Renal Calculi - def'n
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Kidney stones
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Urinary tract infections are more common in _____
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Urinary tract infections are more common in _females_
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