Physiology- Exam 3

Front 1

What are the 4 locations of chemical synapses?

Back 1

1. Axodendritic
2. Axosomatic
3. Axoaconic
4. Neuroeffector

Front 2

After an AP triggers Calcium to release a NT and the NT binds to a receptor, what 3 things can terminate a response in the cell?

Back 2

1. Degradation, Reuptake, or Diffusion of the NT from the synaptic cleft

Front 3

Do channel linked/ ionotropic channels have fast or slow responses?

Back 3

Fast

Front 4

Do g-protein/ metabotropic channels have fast or slow responses?

Back 4

Slow

Front 5

What are two types of slow responses?

Back 5

Direct Coupling and Secondary Messenger.

Front 6

With direct coupliing and secondary messengers, are channels opened, closed, or both?

Back 6

Both

Front 7

Which type of Postsynaptic Potentials bring the membrane potential closer to threshold?

Back 7

EPSP (excitatory)

Front 8

What do inhibitory PSPs do?

Back 8

decrease likelihood of generating an action potential

Front 9

Do fast or slow EPSP responses close K+ channels, prohibiting K= from leaking out, and depolarizing the cell?

Back 9

Slow

Front 10

What channels do fast EPSP responses open?

Back 10

K+ and Na+

Front 11

IPSPs act by opening either _____ or _____ channels.

Back 11

K+ or Cl-

Front 12

T or F?
IPSPs are graded potentials.

Back 12

True

Front 13

In IPSPs, higher frequency of action potentials= more NT released= (more or less) hyperpolarization?

Back 13

More

Front 14

Adding of graded potentials.

Back 14

Summation

Front 15

2 or more postsynaptic neurons generate response.

Back 15

Temporal summation

Front 16

One neuron receives information from multiple neurons.

Back 16

Convergence

Front 17

What are the 5 classes of NTs?

Back 17

Acetylcholine: PNS, CNS; Biogenic amines; Amino acids; Neuropeptides; Others

Front 18

What 2 types of Cholinergic receptors are there?

Back 18

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

Front 19

Which are fast?

Back 19

Nicotinic

Front 20

Which open or close?

Back 20

Muscarinic

Front 21

Where do they occur?

Back 21

Plasma membrane

Front 22

What type of NT is involved with mental illness, bipolar disease, and schizophrenia? (feel good NTs)

Back 22

Biogenic Amines

Front 23

What enhances the release of Biogenic amines?

Back 23

Amphetamines

Front 24

Name 3 types of amines derived from amino acids?

Back 24

Catecholamines, Serotonin, and Histamines

Front 25

Give 3 examples of Catecholamines.

Back 25

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Epinephrine

Front 26

Are biogenic amines lipophilic or lipophobic?

Back 26

Lipophobic

Front 27

All 3 Catecholamines are located in the CNS. Which one is also in the PNS?

Back 27

Norepinephrine

Front 28

What type of receptors are for epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Back 28

Adrenergic

Front 29

How many adrenergic receptors are there and are they fast or slow?

Back 29

5, slow

Front 30

What are the 5 types?

Back 30

Alpha1, Alpha2, Beta1, Beta2, Beta3

Front 31

Where are they found?

Back 31

Vascular smooth muscle, pupils, CNS, cardiac, kidney, platelets, adipose tissue, some BV, respiratory tract, and uterus.

Front 32

Where is Serotonin located and what are its functions?

Back 32

Brainstem; regulating sleep and emotions

Front 33

Depression results from the lack of what NT?

Back 33

Biogenic amines

Front 34

What is an example of an amine that helps serotonin in reuptake to prevent depression?

Back 34

Dopamine

Front 35

What drug blocks reuptake of serotonin?

Back 35

Cocaine

Front 36

What is the main location of Histamines?

Back 36

Hypothalamus

Front 37

How many amino acid NTs are there?

Back 37

4

Front 38

What are they?

Back 38

Aspartate, Glutamate, Glycine, GABA

Front 39

Which 2 are at excitatory synapses?

Back 39

Aspartate and Glutamate

Front 40

What is the most common excitatory NT in the CNS?

Back 40

Glutamate

Front 41

What are neuropeptides?

Back 41

Short chains of amino acids

Front 42

Where are they synthesized?

Back 42

Rough ER

Front 43

Where are neuropeptides located?

Back 43

Co-located with other NTs

Front 44

Name 5 examples.

Back 44

Endogenous opioids (endorphins), TRH, Vasopressin (ADH), Oxytocin, and Substance P

Front 45

Name 2 Other NTs.

Back 45

Purines and Nitric oxide

Front 46

Where are neuropeptides located?

Back 46

Co-located with other NTs

Front 47

Name 5 examples.

Back 47

Endogenous opioids (endorphins), TRH, Vasopressin (ADH), Oxytocin, and Substance P

Front 48

Name 2 Other NTs.

Back 48

Purines and Nitric oxide