Physiology Exam 2 Dr V Biola (Unfinished)

Front 1

Respiration is also known as...

Back 1

Aerobic Metabolism

Front 2

Respiration depends on a study supply of ...

Back 2

oxygen and nutrients from the environment

Front 3

Respiration depends on the removal of ...

Back 3

Carbon Dioxide

Front 4

Respiratory System facilitates exchange of ___________ between ________________ and ________________

Back 4

gases
atmosphere
blood

Front 5

Respiratory system regulates ...

Back 5

body pH

Front 6

Respiratory System protects against ...

Back 6

inhaled pathogens and irritating substances

Front 7

The Respiratory system also controls ...

Back 7

Vocalization

Front 8

the movement of gases between the environment and the body's cells

Back 8

External Respiration

Front 9

The actions of external respiration are ...

Back 9

Ventilation
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and blood
transport of O2 and CO2 by blood
Exchange of gases between blood and cells

Front 10

Respiratory system includes ...

Back 10

conductin system of passages, alveoli, bones and muscles

Front 11

A conducting system of passageways is ...

Back 11

airways that lead from the external environment to exchange at the surface of the lungs

Front 12

The smallest unit of the respiratory system

Back 12

The alveolus

Front 13

series of interconnected sacs and their associated pulmonary capillaries

Back 13

Alveoli

Front 14

What is the surface where O2 moves from inhaled air to blood and CO2 moves from blood to exhaled air

Back 14

Alveoli

Front 15

bones and muscles of the thorax in and abdomen assist in ...

Back 15

Ventilation

Front 16

mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx are all part of the ...

Back 16

upper respiratory

Front 17

trachea, two primary bronchi and their branches and the lungs are all part of the ...

Back 17

lower respiratory

Front 18

The order of air on its way to the lungs

Back 18

mouth and nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea
thorax
primary bronchi
then smaller bronchi

Front 19

the passage common for food, liquid and air is the ...

Back 19

pharynx

Front 20

the passage solely for air is the ...

Back 20

larynx

Front 21

what contains the vocal cords

Back 21

larynx

Front 22

the connective tissue band that tightens to create sound when air moves past it

Back 22

vocal cords

Front 23

what is the action of the vocal cords that makes the sound

Back 23

tightening of the band

Front 24

what holds open the trachia

Back 24

rings

Front 25

how many bronchus per lung

Back 25

1

Front 26

semi rigid tubes involved in respiration

Back 26

bronchi

Front 27

the smallest bronchi branches are called

Back 27

bronchioles

Front 28

what are small collapsible passageways with walls of smooth muscle

Back 28

bronchioles

Front 29

more branching increases ...

Back 29

cross sectional surface area (similar to going from aorta to capillaries)

Front 30

bones and muscles that surround the spine and ribcage make up the

Back 30

thoracic cage

Front 31

the diaphragm forms the floor of the

Back 31

thoracic cage

Front 32

what connects the 12 pairs of ribs

Back 32

intercostal muscles

Front 33

Consist of light spongy tissue whose volume is occupied by mostly air-filled spaces

Back 33

lungs

Front 34

The lungs consist of __________ tissue

Back 34

spongy

Front 35

What occupies most of the volume in the lungs

Back 35

air filled spaces

Front 36

What surrounds the lungs

Back 36

pleural membrane

Front 37

______________ is elastic connective tissues and capillaries, whose opposing layers of which are filled with ______________

Back 37

pleural membrane
pleural fluid

Front 38

air filled balloon

Back 38

lungs

Front 39

water filled balloon

Back 39

pleural sac

Front 40

what is the lipoprotein secreted onto alveolar surface that decreases surface tension and helps air exchange

Back 40

surfactant

Front 41

there is more surface tension on ___________ alveoli

Back 41

smaller

Front 42

Deoxygenated blood from the right of the heart goes to __________ through the ______________

Back 42

alveoli
pulmonary artery

Front 43

Oxygenated blood from the left of the heart goes to ____________ through the _____________

Back 43

conducting airways
bronchial artery

Front 44

almost all blood returns to the ______ heart via ________________

Back 44

left
pulmonary veins

Front 45

AIrways perform these actions to inspired air

Back 45

warm
Humidify
Filter

Front 46

What do the airways do to the temperature of inspired air

Back 46

warm it to body temperature

Front 47

Why must the air be the same as body temperature

Back 47

so that the core body temperature doesn't change

Front 48

What air damages alveoli

Back 48

cold air

Front 49

adding water vapor until it reaches 100%, so the exchanged epithelium does not dry out

Back 49

Humidify

Front 50

What do the airways do to the the inspired air to rid it of foreign material like viruses, bacteria, and inorganic particles

Back 50

filter

Front 51

what are bathed in a watery saline layer

Back 51

ciliated epithelium

Front 52

Ciliated epithelium are bathed in a watery __________ layer

Back 52

saline

Front 53

epithelial cells secrete ________ which is followed by __________

Back 53

Cl-
water

Front 54

disruption of the Cl- or H20 channels causes

Back 54

cystic fibrosis

Front 55

inadequate fluid, cilia trapped in mucus, and bacteria colonizing airways are all symptoms of

Back 55

cystic fibrosis

Front 56

site for gas exchange takes place at _______________ in the

Back 56

single layer of epithelium
alveoli

Front 57

The epithelium contain ________ types of ___________ which are ...

Back 57

2
cells
type I cells and type II cells

Front 58

Type I cells make up _________ percent and are

Back 58

95%
so thin gas can diffuse through

Front 59

Type II cels make up __________ percent and

Back 59

5%
release surfactant

Front 60

what forms a sheet of blood in close contact with airy-alveoli

Back 60

the alveolar neighbor capillaries and blood vessels

Front 61

the alveoli neighbor capillaries and blood vessels fill ______ of the space between alveoli

Back 61

80-90%

Front 62

the flow of oxygen-depleted blood that has returned to the heart, enters in through the _______________

Back 62

pulmonary arteriole

Front 63

the flow of freshly oxygenated blood flows through the _______________ to get back to the heart

Back 63

pulmonary venule

Front 64

the capillary network that covers the surface of the alveolus, helps to facilitate

Back 64

oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

Front 65

at any given moment, pulmonary circulation contains ________ of blood

Back 65

0.5 Liter

Front 66

Rate of blood flow through the lungs is much ___________ than other tissues because the lungs receive the entire ______________ of the _____________ which comes at a speed of ___________

Back 66

higher
CO
RIght Ventricle
5L/min

Front 67

pulmonary pressure is __________

Back 67

low
(25/8 mm Hg)

Front 68

The ________________ doesn't have to pump as intensely because the ____________ is low

Back 68

Right ventricles
resistance

Front 69

resistance is caused by

Back 69

distance and cross sectional area

Front 70

the larger the cross sectional area for flow the ________ the resistance

Back 70

lower

Front 71

the shorter the distance for blood to travel the ____________ the resistance

Back 71

lower

Front 72

the smaller the cross sectional area for flow the ____________ the resistance

Back 72

larger

Front 73

the larger the distance for the blood to cross the ____________ the resistance

Back 73

larger

Front 74

the ideal gas law is _____________ which teaches that _________ and ____________ are _____________ related

Back 74

PV=nRT
Pressure
Volume
inversely (V= 1/P)

Front 75

Pressure and volume change ___________
Shown by the equation...

Back 75

together
P1V1=P2V2

Front 76

total pressure of a mixture of gases is the _______ of the pressures of ____________ gases

Back 76

sum
the individual

Front 77

at sea level the atmospheric pressure is

Back 77

760mm Hg

Front 78

Oxygen is _______ of the atmosphere

Back 78

21%

Front 79

Partial pressure of oxygen is ...

Back 79

160mm Hg

Front 80

instrument that measures the volume of air moved with each breathe

Back 80

spirometer

Front 81

Air moved during breathing can be divided into what lung volumes

Back 81

Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual Volume

Front 82

breathing quietly taking in (500mL) creates

Back 82

tidal volume

Front 83

past the point of normal breath, taking in as much as possible (3000mL)

Back 83

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Front 84

after normal exhalation, exhale as much as possible, this air that was extra exhaled is ...

Back 84

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Front 85

the air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation (about 1200mL)

Back 85

Residual Volume

Front 86

why is there still air in the lungs after exhalation

Back 86

because the lungs are held stretched against the ribs

Front 87

the sum of the inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume and the tidal volume, the maximum amount of air that can be voluntarily moved in or out of the system in one breath (total lung capacity - residual volume)

Back 87

Vital Capacity

Front 88

total lung capacity decreases with age as muscles _________ and lungs become _______________

Back 88

weaken
less elastic

Front 89

after a normal breath out, the most that can be breathed into the lungs (tidal volume +inspiratory reserve volume)

Back 89

Inspiratory Capacity

Front 90

The rest of the air left in the lungs after a normal breath out (Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume)

Back 90

Functional Residual Capacity

Front 91

for air to move into the alveoli ___________ inside the lungs must become ______ than ___________

Back 91

pressure
lower
atmospheric pressure

Front 92

during inspiration _____________ increases when muscles of ______________ (25-40%) ___________ (60-75%) contract

Back 92

thoracic region
the rib cage
diaphragm

Front 93

facilitates lung expansion

Back 93

surfactant