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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plasma Constituents
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Electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, Mg...)
Proteins (Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen) Gases - CO2, O2, N2 Glucose, Cholesterol, Urea |
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Flow Rate
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Amount of Vol flowing in a time interval
Controlled by pressure difference at beginning and end of vessel Also depends on diameter of the vessel (lg=more flow) Inversely proportional to resistance (flow=1/R) Determined by MAP (depends on TPR and CO) Length of Vessel inversely influences Flow Viscosity inversely influences flow ****Take home - A very little amount of constriction on a vessel causes HUGE decreases in Flow |
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Pressure
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Driving force that is applied to make a fluid flow (pressure difference) High to low
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Resistance
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Property of a fluid to resist the impostition of flow (caused by fluid's viscosity)
Resistance = 1/radius to the fourth power Resistance is summative if in a serial arrangement, although if R1+R2+R3, R2 is the greatest resistance, then Rtotal = R2 |
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Principle 1
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Blood flows according to its pressure gradient
MAP=TPR X CO |
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Conductance
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Conductances are additive in a parallel arrangement
Capillary beds have little flow resistance b/c of the great # of capillaries which sum their conductance and therefore decrease/limit resistance |
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Longitudinal Pressure Profile
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The segment with the highest resistance experiences the greatest percent pressure change
ie. Carries 80% of resistance, then sees 80% of pressure change |
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Arterioles
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Dominant Resistance vessels
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Transmural Pressure is influenced by:
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1. Pumping pressure of the heart (pressure gradient from left to right heart)
2. Compliance of Blood Vessels (elasticity) The more compliant, the more blood storage 3. Hydrostatic Pressure |
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Velocity and Capillaries
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Blood flow and velocity is slowest here b/c of the greater combined cross section of all capillaries
Good for Diffustion |
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Laminar vs. Turbulent Flow
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Laminar - smooth parallel (energetically most favorable)
(most blood flow) Turbulent - Non-parallel movements; FAST, heart beat; determined by velocity, diameter and viscosity |
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Heart circulation
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Corotid Artery
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Equation for Flow
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Flow = 1/R x Delta P
1/R= Conductance P = pressure |
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Flow Resistance Equation
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R ~ nL/r to the 4 fourth
R=resistance n = viscosity L = Length r = radius |
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Combined Resistance in Parallel Arrangement
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is reversely addiditive; hence it decreases in organs/capillary beds
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Serial Arrangements
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Resistance is additive
Conductance is inversely additive (hence it decreases) If you constrict just one vessel, you greatly reduce overall flow |
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Serial vs Parallel arrangement
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Each class of vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins) are arranged serially
Within each serial, the venules are arranged in parallel |
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Resistance of Dominant segment
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If the resistance in the dominant high resistance segment changes, this will change the overall pressure profile in a serial arrangement
ie. vasodilation - does not effect upstream artery but does increase P in downstream capillaries (hose) ie. vasoconstriction - decreases P in downstream cappilaries and increases P in upstream Artery |
