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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What 3 elements are present in all carbs and fats?
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C, H, O
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Write the molecular formula of two molecules that are produced by plants in the process of photosynthesis?
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C6H12O6 + O2
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Other than fructose, what monosaccharide is converted into glucose in the liver and intestine?
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galactose
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Other than glucose what monosaccharide is present in maltose?
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glucose
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Other than chitin what is the most abundant carbohydrate on Earth?
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cellulose
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How many fatty acids are there in one triglyceride molecule?
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3
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Write out the whole name for the substance in the blood that is commonly called bad cholesterol?
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low density lipoproteins
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How many kilocalories are there in one kilogram of fat?
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9,000
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What is the general name for any fatty acid that has at least one double bond between carbons?
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unsaturated
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How many fatty acids are there in one phospholipid molecule?
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2
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Give a function of proteins other than: immunity, hormonal, structure, regulation, transport and contraction?
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enzymes
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Give the name for the type of metabolism that means to build molecules into larger units?
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anabolism
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What is lowered by an enzyme in order to make the reaction that it causes occur?
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energy of activation
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Of the four configurations of protein molecules what is insulin an example of?
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quaternary
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What is meant by the name essential amino acid?
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must be in diet
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Which of the following is a two nucleotide molecule: ATP, DNA, ADP, NAD, RNA, or ETS?
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NAD
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Write out the name for the base in DNA that is complimentary to Guanine?
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cytosine
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What is part of all nucleotides other than a base or a sugar?
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phophate
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Other then being able to express itself by making RNA what is DNA able to do?
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replicate itself
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What group of compounds are produced by DNA and RNA which control the activites of their cell?
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proteins/enzymes
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What is the name for a codon that means "end synthesis" here?
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terminator
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What specific molecule determines the sequence of amino acid placement in the ribosome?
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mRNA
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How many nucleotides are there in each codon?
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3
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What RNA nucleotide base sequence matches up with a base sequence of 'ACT" in DNA?
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UGA
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What molecule has an anticodon and brings an amino acid to a ribosome?
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tRNA
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What part of a cell has MHC molecules?
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cell membrane
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Does water move easily through the phospholipid layers of a cell membrane?
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no
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Does oxygen move easily through the phopholipid layers of a cell membrane?
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yes
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Does water move toward its area of high concentration or does it move away from its area of high con?
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away
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What type of organic molecule do carrier molecules consist of?
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proteins
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During secondary active transport, what substance is actively pumped into the interstial space?
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sodium
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What hormone from the thryoid gland lowers serum calcium levels?
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calcitonin
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When sodium leaks into a cell, does it casue the membrane to hyperpolarize of hypopolerize?
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hypopolerize
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What pituitary hormone allows water to be reabsorbed from the filtrate back into blood?
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ADH
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During counter-transport sodium moves in one direction across a membrane, what goes the other way?
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calcium
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If the Na/K pump were to stop, would the cell swell or whould the cell shrink?
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swell
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Name the juncitons between cells that allow small molecules to pass from one cell to another?
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gap
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Give the name for the junctions between cells that prevent water from leaking past the cells?
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tight
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Name the rigid "button-like" structure that is on the cytoplasm side of a desmosome.
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plaque
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What organelle contains proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes to dogest phagocytized "stuff"?
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lysosome
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Within what organelle does most oxidative phosphorylation take place?
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mitochondria
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Other than Golgi or ribosomes what cellular organelle modifies proteins to be secreted fom the cell?
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ER
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One part of a ribosome is a 40s unit, what is the measure of the other part?
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60s
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What organelle is the protein factory?
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ribosome
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What is the name for the pancake-like membrane stacks in golgi apparatus?
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cisternae
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What is smooth ER called in muscle cell?
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sarcoplasmic reticulum
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What organelle both produces and breaks down H2O2?
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peroxisome
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Other than the nucleus, what cellular organelle contains DNA?
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mitochondria
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IOn what organelle of the cell deos the Krebs cycle take place?
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mitochondria
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What is the other name for the "lolly-pops" that are attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane?
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ATP synthase
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Within what organelle does most oxidative phosphorylation take place?
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mitochondria
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Other than Golgi or ribosomes what cellular organelle modifies proteins to be secreted fom the cell?
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ER
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One part of a ribosome is a 40s unit, what is the measure of the other part?
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60s
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What organelle is the protein factory?
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ribosome
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What is the name for the pancake-like membrane stacks in golgi apparatus?
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cisternae
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What is smooth ER called in muscle cell?
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sarcoplasmic reticulum
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What organelle both produces and breaks down H2O2?
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peroxisome
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Other than the nucleus, what cellular organelle contains DNA?
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mitochondria
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IOn what organelle of the cell deos the Krebs cycle take place?
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mitochondria
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What is the other name for the "lolly-pops" that are attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane?
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ATP synthase
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Name the tiny clobular proteins that clump together as nucleosomes which DNA wraps around in chromosomes?
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Histones
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How many pairs of autosomes do humans have in each white blood cell?
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22
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What is the general name for the appearance "what you see" for a genetic trait?
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phenotype
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Which band in the sarcomere contains all parts of thick filaments and some parts of thin filaments?
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A band
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What line in a sarcomere separates one sarcomere from the next?
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Z line
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What structure carries the depolarization wave to SR deep inside a muscle cell?
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T tubules
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Which of the contractile proteins is detected in a blood test to evaluate damage to the heart?
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troponin
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Which of the four contractile proteins is the only linear molecule that is part of the thin filament?
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tropomyosin
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The depletion of what molecule causes rigor mortis in muscle?
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ATP
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Name the enzymee that takes phosphate from ATP and places it on a creatine to turn into phosphocreatine?
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creatine kinase
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Which muscle cells have more strength, those with lots of mitochondria or with fewer?
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fewer
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What is the name for the "gap" between a motor neuron and a muscle cell membrane?
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synapse
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Other than chemical stimulation, what stimulus causes a different type of Na channel to open in muscle cells?
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voltage change
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Which part of Ach has a nitrogen atom, the acetate or the choline part?
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choline
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Name a bacterial toxin that prevents Ach from being released from an axon?
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Botulin
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What does an organophosphate like neostigmine do in the myoneural junction that causes muscle spasms?
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block acetylcholinesterase
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In what way does tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin change sodium permeability in the cell membrane?
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inhibit it
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Which molecule has more potential energy ATP or ADP?
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ATP
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What is oligodipsia?
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little drinking
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What type of lipid are the hemes that are presentin hemoglobin?
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porphorins
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What property does a phospholipid have that makes one end hydrophilic?
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polar
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What is the name for the modified amino acid that is abundant in collagen?
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hydrozyproline
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What protein is produced in an abnormal form in someone who has scurby?
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collagen
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What monosaccharide is present in sucrose other than glucose?
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fructose
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What molecule brins a specific amino acid to a ribosome?
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tRNA
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Of the 64 total codons, how many of them have anticodons to match?
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61
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What is produced during transcription?
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mRNA
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What is the general name for any signaling chemical like Ach or a hormone that binds to a receptor on a cell membrane?
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ligand
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Does alcohol easily diffuse through all cell membranes?
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yes
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Write out the whole name for the hormone that allows water to be reabsorbed from the filtrate that is in the DCT?
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antidiuretic hormone
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Give the name for the junctions between cells that prevent water from leaking past the cells
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tight
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What unique pump do lysosomes have in their membrane that conrols their pH inside?
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proton
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What cellular organelle do bombardier beetles use to make a gas to explode in the face of an enemy?
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peroxisome
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What is the name for any ion or molecule that has unpaired electrons in its outermost energy level?
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radical
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Which myofilaments are supported by Titin proteins?
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myosin
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What muscle protein is a tripeptide?
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troponin
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What does Tetrodotoxin do at the cellular level that causes paralysis?
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block Na channels
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