Physiology Chapters 15: Blood Typing

Front 1

RBC Antigens & Blood Typing (6)

Back 1

-Antigens present on RBC surface specify blood type
-Major antigen group is ABO system
=Type A blood has only A antigens
=Type B has only B antigens
=Type AB has both A & B antigens
=Type O has neither A or B antigens

Front 2

Transfusion Reactions (5)

Back 2

-People with Type A blood make antibodies to Type B RBCs, but not to Type A
-Type B blood has antibodies to Type A RBCs but not to Type B
-Type AB blood doesn’t have antibodies to A or B
-Type O has antibodies to both Type A & B
-If different blood types are mixed, antibodies will cause mixture to agglutinate

Front 3

Transfusion Reactions (3)

Back 3

-If blood types don't match, recipient’s antibodies agglutinate donor’s RBCs
-Type O is “universal donor” because lacks A & B antigens
=Recipient’s antibodies won’t agglutinate donor’s Type O RBCs
-Type AB is “universal recipient” because doesn’t make anti-A or anti-B antibodies
=Won’t agglutinate donor’s RBCs

Front 4

Blood Donations (3 types)

Back 4

-Whole blood
=Plasma (agglutinins-antibodies)
=RBC (agglutinogens-antigens)
-Plasma (agglutinins)
-Packed Cells (agglutinogens)

Front 5

Agglutination

Back 5

If antigen and opposing antibodies are together clumping will occur

Blood type A and anti-A (a) = clumping
Blood type B and anti-B (b) = clumping
Blood type AB and anti A or anti B = clumping

Front 6

Rh Factor (5)

Back 6

-Is another type of antigen found on RBCs
-Rh+ has Rho(D) antigens; Rh- does not
-Can cause problems when Rh- mother has Rh+ babies
=At birth, mother may be exposed to Rh+ blood of fetus
=In later pregnancies mom may produce Rh antibodies
+In Erythroblastosis fetalis, this happens & antibodies cross placenta causing hemolysis of fetal RBCs

Front 7

RhoGam (3)

Back 7

-Prevention of Erythroblastosis fetalis or Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

-RhoGam
=Inactivates fetal RBC that cross to the mother

=Thus mother will not produces anti-Rh (d) antibodies