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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF the respiratory system
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*exchange of gases bet atmosphere and blood
*homeostatic regulation of Ph *Protection from pathogens and irritating substances *vocalization |
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refers to the intracellular reaction of O2 with organic molecules to produce co2, H2o and energy in the form of ATP
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cellular respiration
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the interchange of gases between the environment and the body's cells.
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external respiration
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the movement of air into the lungs
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inspiration
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the movement of air out of the lungs
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expiration
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the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs
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ventilation
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the exchange surface of the lungs where O2 and co2 transfer bet air and blood
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alveoli
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consists of the mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx
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upper resp.tract
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trachea , 2 bronchi , branches and the lungs
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lower resp. tract
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aka throat
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pharynx
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smallest bronchi or small collapsible passageways with smooth muscle walls
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bronchioles
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chemical that mixes with the thin fluid lining of the alveoli to ease the expansion of the lungs
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surfactant
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are thin cells that allow gases to diffuse rapidly
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type I alveolar cells
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states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sume of the pressures of the individual gases
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Dalton's law
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the pressure of a single gas
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partial pressure
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if the volume is reduced by half, the pressure doubles and vice versa
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Boyle's law
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occurs during voluntary exhalations and when ventialtion exceeds 30-40 breaths per min.
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active expiration
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normal resting ventilation rate
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12-30 breaths per minute
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muscles that are called expiratory muscles
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int.intercostals and abdominal muscles.
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a collapse lung that is unable to function normally
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pneumothorax
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the ability of the lung to stretch
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compliance
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CREATED by the thin fluid layer between the alveolar cells and the air
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surface tension
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pressure within a fluid bubble is a function of two factors: the surface tension of the fluid and the radius of the bubble.
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The law of LaPlace
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molecules that disrupt cohesive forces between water molecules
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surfactants
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a paracrine that acts as a powerful bronchoconstrictor
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histamine
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instrument that measures the vol of air moving with each breath
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spirometer
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vol of air that moves in a single inspiration or expiration
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tidal volume: ave of 500 mL
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additional vol you inspire above the tidal vol
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inspiratory reserve vol. ave: 3000mL
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amount of air exhaled after the end of a normal expiration is...
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expiratory reserve vol (ERV): ave: 1100mL
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vol of air in the respiratory system after maximal exhalation
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residual volume (RV)
ave: 1200mL |
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sum of two or more lung volumes
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capacity
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the sume of the inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume and tidal volume
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vital capacity
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vital capacity plus the residual volume
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total lung capacity (TLC)
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vol of air moved into and out of the lungs each minute
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total pulmonary ventilation
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normal ventilation rate
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12-20 breaths per minute
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space where airways do not exchange gases with the blood
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anatomic dead space.
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the amount of fresh air that reaches the alveoli each minute
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alveolar ventilation
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when less fresh air enters the alveioli
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hypoventilation
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when alveolar ventilation increases above normal levels
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hyperventilation
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the ability of a stretched lung to resume its normal volume
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elastance
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which determines resistance to air flow?
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diameter of the bronchioles
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refers to the metabolic processes of the cell that consume oxygen
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cellular respiration
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