Physiology Ch 8

Front 1

satellite cell

Back 1

a nonmyelinating Schwann cell found in the PNS. They form supportive capsules around nerve cell bodies located in ganglion.

Front 2

Schwann cells

Back 2

Found in PNS. form myelin sheaths. secrete neurotrophic factors. wraps around only one axon.

Front 3

oligodendrites

Back 3

found in CNS. forms myelin sheaths that wraps around portions of several axons.

Front 4

astrocytes

Back 4

help form support for CNS, forming blood brain barrier, secreting neurotrophic factors, and takes up potassium and neurotransmitters.

Front 5

microglia

Back 5

modified immune cells that remove damaged cells and foreign invaders.

Front 6

ependymal cells

Back 6

creates barriers b/w fluid compartments of the CNS.

Also a source of neural stem cells.

Front 7

nernst equation

Back 7

predicts membrane potential for a single ion.

Front 8

GHK

Back 8

predicts membrane potential for multiple ions.

Front 9

what are the three major neurocrines that are secreted by the PNS?

Back 9

neurotransmitters: acetylcholine and norepinephrine

neurohoromone: epinephrine

Front 10

acetylcholine: Receptor, type, receptor location,

Back 10

cholinergic fiber

receptor: nicotinic functions at ion channels in skeletal muscles

muscarinic functions as GPCR on smooth and cardiac muscles

Front 11

catecholamines

Back 11

dopamine - neurotransmitter in CNS; GPCR.

norepinephrine - primary neurotransmitter in P.N.S. GPCR/smooth and cardiac muscle

epinephrine = less so.

both norepi and epi released from adrenergic fibers.

Front 12

Which neurotransmitter is involved in long term potentiation?

Back 12

glutamate.

Front 13

Which amino acids are excitatory?

Back 13

glutamate and aspartate

Front 14

which amino acids are inhibitory?

Back 14

GABA and glycine

Front 15

Substance P

Back 15

part of a group of tachykines

associated as a neurotransmitter for slow, dull pain

Front 16

What are the different types of neurotransmitters

Back 16

acetylcholines

amines

amino acids

purines

gases

peptides/polypeptides

Front 17

Anatomically, where do the autonomics begiN?

Back 17

They begin in the hypothalamus, pons, medulla

Front 18

what does the brain develop from?

Back 18

The neural tube

Front 19

what makes up the forebrain?

Back 19

cerebrum

diencephalan

Front 20

what makes up the midbrain?

Back 20

midbrain

Front 21

what makes up the hind brain?

Back 21

pons

medulla

cerebellum

Front 22

what makes up the brain stem?

Back 22

midbrain

pons

medulla oblongata

Front 23

an example of sympathetic cholinergics

Back 23

sweat glands

Front 24

example of autonomic noncholinergic nonadrenergic neurons

Back 24

neurons + peptides

i.e. substance P (pain perception = neurotransmitter)

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

Front 25

Meninges

Back 25

duramater - provides tethering

arachnoid mater - quite fibrous, fluid filled space. contains blood vessels and cerebral spinal fluid

pia mater - seran wrap. adheres directly to neural tissue. very vascularized.

Front 26

what secretes the cerebral spinal fluid?

what absorbs it?

Back 26

secreted by choroid plexis

absorbed by arachnoid mater

Front 27

C.S.F. vs plasma

Back 27

less HCO3

less Ca++

less potassium

MORE H+

SAME NA+

very little protein

Front 28

cerebrum functions

Back 28

involved in higher functions:

intelligence

sensory cortex

motor cortex

Front 29

function of medulla oblongata and pons

Back 29

cardiovacular and respiratory control

Front 30

function of cerebellium

Back 30

helps coordinate motor functions

Front 31

what helps relay information from higher areas of CNS to lower areas?

Back 31

midbrain and pons