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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fluid leaving the capillaries into the interstitial fluid compartment
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Filtration
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Fluid entering the capillaries from the interstitial fluid compartment
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Absorption
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_pressure tends to drive fluid out of capillary
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Hydrostatic
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Hydrostatic pressure higher on arterial or venous end of the capillary?
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Arterial
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Hydrostatic pressure is higher in upper or lower extremities?
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Lower - gravity
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Interstitial fluid has negative or positive pressure?
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Negative
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_pressure tends to draw fluid into capillary
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Colloid oncotic (osmotic)
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Oncotic pressure higher in capillary or interstitium
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Capillary
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Difference between net hydrostatic pressure and net oncotic pressure
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Net Filtration Pressure
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-Clear, colorless fluid
-Similar to plasma but much less protein |
Lymph
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Lymph system functions
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1.Fluid recovery
-absorbs plasma proteins and fluid (2 to 4 L/day) from tissues and returns it to the bloodstream -lymph obstruction leads to edema 2.Lipid absorption in intestine 3.Immunity |
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Collect fluid from tissue, fluid enters through _
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Lymphatic capillaries
One way flaps |
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Connect capillaries to nodes
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Collecting vessels
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Connect nodes to ducts
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Lymphatic trunks
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Return fluid to circulation
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Collecting ducts
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Thoracic duct empties into _
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L subclavian vein
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Right lymphatic duct empties into _
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R subclavian vein
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Lymph flows - at low pressure and speed or high pressure and speed
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Low pressure and speed
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Lymph flow is aided by _
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Skeletal pump (muscle contraction increases lymphatic return)
Thoracic pump - from abdominal to thoracic cavity |
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3 causes of intracellular non pitting edema
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-Depression of cell metabolism
-Lack of adequate nutrition -Secondary to inflammation |
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2 causes of extracellular pitting edema
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- Increased capillary pressure
- Decreased plasma proteins - Increased capillary permeability - Blockage of lymphatic return |
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Causes of increased capillary pressure
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-Excessive kidney retention of NaCl & H2O (eg. kidney failure, hyperaldosteronism)
-High venous pressure (eg. heart failure) -Decreased arteriolar resistance (eg. body temp., vasodilator drugs) |
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Causes of decreased plasma proteins
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-Proteinuria (nephrotic syndrome)
-Loss of protein via skin (eg. burns) -Failure to produce proteins (cirrhosis, malnutrition) |
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Causes of increased capillary permeability
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-Immune reactions (2° to histamine)
-Toxins -Bacterial infections -Vitamin deficiency (esp. Vit C) -Prolonged ischemia -Burns |
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Why is blockage of lymphatic return important cause of edema
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-Plasma proteins leak into interstitial fluid - if lymphatics are blocked, these cannot be removed.
-Increase in oncotic pressure -Increase in interstitial fluid volume |
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Causes of blockage of lymphatic return
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-Cancer (often temporary)
-Infections (eg. filaria nematodes) -Surgery (eg. lymph node removal) -Congenital lymphatic abnormalities |
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Reduced capillary pressure causes fluid to be drawn into capillary hence into circulation
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Autotransfusion
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If person faints and falls to horizontal position - how is blood supply to to brain restored
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Gravity restores blood supply to brain and fluid pooled in feet to circulation
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Decreased BP triggers baroreflex and production of angiotensin II both stimulate _
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Vasoconstriction
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Angiotensin, aldosterone (via Na reabsorption) and ADH reduce _
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Renal excretion of H2O
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