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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The right heart pumps blood to the __________ and the left heart pumps blood to the __________
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lungs, body
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__________ results in pulmonary congestion and inefficient O2 transport
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VSD (ventricular septal defect)
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Circulations to individual organs are __________ (parallel/in series) with the heart. Why?
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parallel, they are in parallel to decrease the resistance and pressure needed to get O2 to all of the organs (the heart would have to be huge if they were in series)
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Name the five physical factors of hemodynamics
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Resistance, flow, velocity, pressure, volume
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Blood volume is distributed throughout the body roughly in accordance with __________ _____________
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metabolic rate
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The volume of blood contained a blood vessel depends on the ________ __________ and the __________
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transmural pressure, compliance
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Why do systemic veins hold a majority of the blood volume?
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they are very compliant
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Explain the 'Windkessel Effect'
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energy is stored in arteries during systole. this energy is released back into the fluid during diastole. this contributes to the production of diastolic blood pressure
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What is the formula for mean blood pressure?
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Mean = diastolic + ( 1/3 x (systolic - diastolic) )
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What is the equation for cardiac output?
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CO = Paorta / total peripheral resistance
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How is resistance related to radius?
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Resistance is inversely proportional to radius^4 (If rA = 2 and rB = 6, then RA = 81 * RB)
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How is resistance related to length?
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resistance is proportional to length (If lA = 2 and lB = 6, then RA = 1/3 * RB)
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If a blood vessel is constricted to half its size, how has the resistance changed?
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the resistance has increased 16 times! oh my!
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How is resistance related to viscosity?
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Resistance increases linearly with increases in viscosity
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what would be the total resistance of two vessels in parallel, each with an individual resistance of 4?
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1 / Rtotal = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 : Rtotal = 2
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Where in the vascular flow does the largest pressure drop occur?
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the arterioles
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Where is blood velocity the lowest?
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the capillaries (cross sectional area is the greatest in the capillaries)
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How does hematocrit affect blood viscosity and what effect does blood viscosity have on blood velocity?
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raising hematocrit increases blood viscosity. increasing blood viscosity decreases blood velocity.
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how does stenosis affect arterial blood flow?
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causes turbulence
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What pattern of blood flow is found in normal arteries?
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laminar flow
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where in the artery is blood velocity highest?
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in the center (zero velocity at the edges due to shear stress)
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What makes bruits audible?
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the sounds are created by turbulent flow
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