Physiology

Front 1

There are three primary systems that regulate the H+ concentration in the body fluids to prevent acidosis or alkalosis

Back 1

- the chemical acid-base buffer systems of the body fluids
- respiratory center- removal of CO2 from extracellular fluid
- kidneys- excrete acid or alkaline urine

Front 2

Alkalosis
acidosis

Back 2

- excess removal of H+
- excess addition of H+

Front 3

Although taking hours to several days, which is by far the most powerful of the acid-base regulatory systems?

Back 3

the kidneys

Front 4

Increase in bicarbonate ion concentration causes the pH to rise, shifting the acid-base balance toward?

Back 4

Alkalosis

Front 5

An increase in PCO2 causes the pH to decrease, shifting the acid-base balance toward?

Back 5

Acidosis

Front 6

The phosphate buffer is especially important in the tubular fluids of the kidneys for?

Back 6

- phosphate usually becomes greatly concentrated in the tubules, thereby increasing the buffering power of the phosphate system
- the tubular fluid usually has a considerably lower pH than extracellular fluid does

Front 7

the phosphate buffer system is also important in buffering?

Back 7

intracellular fluid

Front 8

T or F- Approximately 60-70 % of the total chemical buffering of the body fluids is inside the cells and most of this results from the intracellular proteins.

Back 8

True

Front 9

Hydrogen ions are secreted from?

Back 9

alpha intercalated cells of the CCT, IMCD, OMCD

Front 10

What is the most powerful buffer system in the Kidney?

Back 10

The ammonium buffer system

Front 11

Sympathetic nervous system- role of Kidneys

Back 11

1- constriction of the renal arterioles result in decreased GFR
2- Increased tubular reabsorption of salt and water
3- Stimulation of renin release and increased angiotensin II and aldosterone formation

Front 12

when NA is elevated above normal...

Back 12

renin secretion is decreased, causing decreased angiotensin II formation

Front 13

when NA intake is reduced below normal....

Back 13

angiotensin II increases and cause sodium and water retention

Front 14

The kidneys regulate extracellular fluid H+ concentration through three fundamental mechanisms:

Back 14

1- secretion of H+
2- reabsorption of filtered HCO3- and
3- production of new HCO3-

Front 15

H+ is secreted into the tubular fluid by...

Back 15

the sodium- hydrogen transport

Front 16

Res. Acidosis cause:

Back 16

Due to increase in Plasma PCO2, decrease in pH

Front 17

Res Acidosis occurs due to:

Back 17

- from pathological conditions- decrease ability of lungs to eliminate CO2
- Damage of the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata
- obstruction of the passagways of the resp. tract, pneumonia, emphysema, or decreased pulmonary membrane surface area
- factors that interfere with gas exchange

Front 18

Respiratory Alkalosis caused by

Back 18

overventilation of the lungs, decrease in PC02

Front 19

Resp. Alkalosis occurs by-

Back 19

- physical pathological conditions
- physconeurosis- overbreathing
- Person in high altitude

Front 20

Compensatory response for both res-

Back 20

- buffer of the body fluids and Kidneys

For alkalosis- kid. increase bicarbonate.