Physiology 9 - Git

Front 1

4 layers of GIT?

Back 1

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa

Front 2

Where are Peyer's patches and M Cells located? What portion of the GIT is it typically found?

Back 2

in the lamina propria of mucosa layer
ileum of small intestine

Front 3

Mucin is in the ____. What is it's function.

Back 3

mouth
lubrication

Front 4

Amylase is in the ____. What is it's function.

Back 4

mouth and pancreas
carbohydrate digestion

Front 5

Muramidase is in the ____. What is it's function.

Back 5

Mouth
attack bacteria cell walls

Front 6

Lactoferrin is in the ____. What is it's function.

Back 6

mouth
binds to iron, prevents biofilm formation

Front 7

Match the stomach gastric juice to it's cell producer.
mucin
pepsinogen
HCl + IF
gastrin

Back 7

neck cell
chief cell
parietal cell
G cell

Front 8

What is chyme?

Back 8

gastric juices and food

Front 9

What is pancreatic juice?

Back 9

chyme and pancreatic secretions

Front 10

What is bile?

Back 10

bicarbonate and bile salts

Front 11

What makes the small intestine so good at digestion and transportation?

Back 11

large surface area due to villi and microvilli

Front 12

What is the main site of digestion and absorption of the GIT?

Back 12

small intestine

Front 13

What prevents infection in the saliva of the mouth

Back 13

muramidase
lactoferrin

Front 14

What is the primary water absorber of the GIT?

Back 14

large intestine

Front 15

The stomach has a pH or about ____.

Back 15

2

Front 16

What protects the rest of the body from the pH in the stomach? What results from a breakdown of this

Back 16

mucosal lining
peptic ulcer

Front 17

Materials absorbed in the GIT move to the ____ via the ____, are processed and then move through the ____ into circulation.

Back 17

liver
hepatic portal vein
hepatic vein

Front 18

What is secreted from the pancreas that neutralized the acid from the stomach? WHere does this occur?

Back 18

bicarbonate
duodenum

Front 19

Where do secretions from the liver and pancrease mix?

Back 19

Ampula of Vater
from the the common bile duct and pancreatic duct

Front 20

What regulates liver and pancreatic secretions into the duodenum?

Back 20

Sphincter of Oddi

Front 21

Where is bile produced?

Back 21

liver

Front 22

Where is bile stored?

Back 22

gall bladder

Front 23

What cells take material from the blood and move it to bile for excretion?

Back 23

hepatocytes

Front 24

What three organs secrete products into the duodenum?

Back 24

liver
gall bladder
pancreas

Front 25

WHat organ does not produce their products in acini?

Back 25

liver

Front 26

What makes up bile?

Back 26

bile salts + bicarbonate

Front 27

Where is salivary amylase inactivated and why?

Back 27

stomach
low pH

Front 28

What is the endpoint of amylase digestion?

Back 28

maltose and limit dextrins

Front 29

What are the four disacharides listed?

Back 29

dextrins
sucrose
lactose
maltose

Front 30

What is the order of sugar breakdown? Where does each happen and by what enzyme?

Back 30

sugar
POLYSACHARIDES - amylase in mouth, pancreatic amylase
DISACHARIDES - brush border enzymes in duodenum
MONOSACHARIDES

Front 31

What can't amylases break down?

Back 31

branch points
disacharides

Front 32

In carb absorption, what goes through secondary active transport, and what goes through facilitated transport?

Back 32

secondary - glucose & galactose
facilitated - fructose

Front 33

What are the three monosacharides?

Back 33

glucose
fructose
galactose

Front 34

What ion drives glucose and galactose transport across a membrane?

Back 34

2 Na+ for every 1 of either

Front 35

What is the carrier for glucose and galactose?

Back 35

Glut2

Front 36

What is the carrier for fructose absorption?

Back 36

Glut4

Front 37

Which monosacharide has a strong gradient across an absorption membrane?

Back 37

fructose

Front 38

Which monosacharides have no gradient across an absorption membrane?

Back 38

glucose
galactose

Front 39

What side of the membrane is Glut 2, blood or lumen?

Back 39

blood

Front 40

Proteins are absorbed through ____ with ____.

Back 40

secondary active transport
Na+

Front 41

Pepsinogen comes from ____ cells in what organ.

Back 41

chief
stomach

Front 42

HCl comes from ____ cells in what organ?

Back 42

parietal
stomach

Front 43

What organ does trypsinogen come from?

Back 43

pancreas

Front 44

How does the body solve the lipid solubility problem?

Back 44

emulsification

Front 45

Emulsifiers are ____.

Back 45

amphipathic

Front 46

Emulsification does what to surface area of fat glubules?

Back 46

increases it

Front 47

What happens to pancreatic lipase if colipase is not present?

Back 47

Bile salts repel the lipase

Front 48

What does lipase do to triglycerides?

Back 48

breaks them into a monoglyceride and two fatty acids

Front 49

No B12 = ____ anemia

Back 49

pernicious

Front 50

Which vitamins move with lipids

Back 50

fat soluble A,D,E,K

Front 51

What must be present for pancreatic lipase to work?

Back 51

colipase

Front 52

What does the triglyceride get packaged into?

Back 52

chylomicrons

Front 53

The enteric nervous system has ____ CNS input?

Back 53

no

Front 54

In the ENS the ____ deals with secretion and the ____ deals with motality.

Back 54

submucosal
myenteric

Front 55

Which reflex has CNS input? Where does it go to get to the ENS?

Back 55

long reflex pathway
ANS

CNS -> ANS -> ENS

Front 56

What stimulates cells like pepsinogen, and parietal cells?

Back 56

gastrin

Front 57

Increased pH stimulates ____ in the duodenum.

Back 57

secretin

Front 58

Increased proteins and fats stimulates ____ in the duodenum.

Back 58

CCK

Front 59

What organs secrete bicarbonate?

Back 59

liver
pancreas

Front 60

What does secretin stimulate?

Back 60

liver bile
pancreatic bicarbonate

Front 61

What does CCK stimulate?

Back 61

gallbladder contraction
sphincter of oddi relaxation

Front 62

____ increases the force of intestinal motility.

Back 62

gastrin

Front 63

____ decreases the force of intestinal motility.

Back 63

CCK
secretin
GIP