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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central Nervous System (CNS) |
Includes the brain and spinal cord |
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
includes the cranial nerves arising from the brain and the spinal nerves from the spinal cord |
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Define Neuron |
basic structural and functional units of the nervous system |
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Function of a Neurons |
Neurons enable the perception of sensory stimuli, learning memory, and the control of muscles and glands |
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what are the 3 regions of the neuron? |
cell body, dendrites and axons |
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Sensory Neuron |
Neuron that transmits impulses from a sensory receptor in the CNS |
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Motor Neuron |
Neuron that transmits impulses from CNS to an effector organ |
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Somatic Motor Nerve |
Stimulates contraction of Skeletal Muscles |
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Autonomic Motor nerve |
stimulates contraction of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle and stimulates glandular secretion |
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Pseudounipolar neuron |
have single short process that branches like a T to form a pair of longer processes |
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Bipolar Neurons |
2 processes; one at each end/ found in the retina of the eye ball |
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Multipolar neurons |
Most common, have several dendrites and one axon extending from the cell body |
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Schwann cells |
form myelin sheaths around peripheral axons |
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Satellite cells (ganglionic gliocytes) |
support neuron cell bodies withing the ganglia of the PNS |
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What are the four types of neuroglial cells |
Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, astrocyte, ependymal |
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where are the Nodes of Ranvier located? |
in the gaps of the exposed axon between the adjacent schwann cell |
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Which 2 are located in the PNS? 1. schwann cell 2. satellite cell 3. oligodendrocytes 4. microglia 5. astrocyte 6. ependymal cell |
Schwann and Satellite cells |
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when does depolarization occur? |
when Na+ channels open |
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when does repolarization occur? |
when K+ channels open |
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What is action potential? |
a wave that is formed by rapid depolarization of sodium influx followed by potassium efflux |
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what is the result of PISP |
postsynaptic inhibition |
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what are the supporting cells that form myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system |
astrocytes |
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what are ganglions |
a collection of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS |
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which of these is an example of pseudounipolar? 1. sensory neurons 2.Somatic motor neurons 3. Neurons in the Retina 4. Autonomic motor neurons |
Sensory Neurons
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what is the cause of depolarization in an axon
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inward diffusion of Na+ (Sodium) |
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Repolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by.... |
outward diffusion of potassium (K+) |
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As the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an axon in increased.... |
the frequency with which action potentials are produced incrases |
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a drug that inactivates acetylcholinesterase |
increases the ability of ACh to stimulate muscle contraction |
