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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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slow cycling rate
less ATP/min aerobic |
Type I
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Faster use of ATP
anaerobic |
Type II (IIa & IIb)
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Creatine Phosphate
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-Can store ATP
-ATP not very large so must be replenished |
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Ways to generate ATP
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1. Anaerobic
2. Aerobic |
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Anaerobic metabolism
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-Glycolysis
-Break down glu to get ATP (2 moles/glu), lactate, & heat -Glucose also from glycogen stores -fast |
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Aerobic metabolism
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-Oxidative phosphorylation
-Use glu, FA, aa -Need lots of mitochondria -slow -lots of ATP (~36 moles/glu) -unlimited as long as O2 present |
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Which myosin type uses lots of mitochondria
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Type I
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Which myosin type has lots of myosin present and is red color?
Which has less myosin present and is white color |
Type I
Type II |
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Which myosin type has more capillaries?
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Type I since it has small diameter
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Motor units differ in ability to sustain activity over time
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Type I> Type IIa> Type IIb
Type IIb easily fatigued bc of reliance on glycogen stores |
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Which myosin type can work for long periods of time?
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Type I
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Which myosin type has motor neurons that innervate a small # of myofibers
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Type I
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What can training do to our muscles?
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1. inc. glycogen stores
2. inc. capillary density 3. inc. cardiac output 4. change/induce mitochondrial enzmes 5. inc. efficiency of free FA 6. May/may not be able to change motor unit type. |
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muscle's response to additional AP
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Temporal summation
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How does temporal summation work?
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By prolonging the active state
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Does additional APs mean additional force?
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Yes, still get 1 AP for every 1 AP in neuron, but what you are summing is the effects on multiple AP
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Max Force related to prolong Ca++ during temporal summation
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Tetanus
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Fibers are intermixed, first recruit motor units A then B
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low levels of F-->some units are active
high levels of F-->more units are active |
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Principle of Orderly Recruitment
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Minimum effort-->recruit Type I
Gradually inc. effort by recruiting more Type I Then recruit Type IIa & Type IIb |
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Which is the more sustaining myosin
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Type I
Used in postural muscles |
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How can F be recruited?
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1. Recruit more motor units (spatial)
2. inc. firing rate (temporal) 3. optimize jt. angel/length of m 4. recruit other m that act on same joint 5. inhibit antagonistic m 6. large m tend to recruit m up to highest levels of F while smaller m's are recurited all at once. |
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Muscular dystrophy
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F produced by motor unit is small bc fibers are defective
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