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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two layers of the dura mater?
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endosteal and meningeal layer
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Endosteal and meningeal layers are closely united except along certain lines, where they seperate to form:
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venous sinuses
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The _______ layer is the dura mater proper.
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meningeal
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The meningeal/dura mater ends on the _________ at the level of the S2 as it surrounds the_____ ______.
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filum terminale, cauda equina
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A sickle-shaped fold of dura mater that lies in midline between cerebral hemispheres.
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Falx cerebri
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The narrow anterior end of the falx cerebria is attached to the _______ ________ of the ethmoid bone.
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Crista galli
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A crescent-shaped fold of dura mater that roofs over the posterior cranial fossa: It covers upper surface of cerebellum and supports occipital lobes.
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tentorium cerebrii
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Dural nerve supply:
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branches of trigeminal V, vagus X, and C1,C2,C3 and from sympathetic trunk
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Most common artery damaged in the dura mater:
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middle meningeal artery which enters through foramen spinosum
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This often results from injuries to the meningeal arteries:
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epidural hemorrhage
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Venous sinuses of cranial cavity are situated between layers of the dura mater and main function is to receive blood from brain through cerebral veins and drain into:
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internal jugular veins
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Can result from tearing of the cerebral veins at their point of entrance into dural sinuses:
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subdural hemorrhage
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Where does the subarachnoid space end?
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near S2/S3
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The lateral ventricles communicate through the _______ _______ to the third ventricle.
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intraventricular foramina of Monro
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The third ventricle is connected to the fourth ventricle by the:
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cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius)
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The fourth ventricle is continuous with the narrow central canal of the spinal cord and through its three foramina in its roof, with the _____ _______. The Central canal has a small dilation at its inferior end, called the _______ _______.
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subarachnoid space, terminal ventricle
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Ventricles are lined with ________ cells are are filled with ______.
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ependymal, CSF
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Most CSF is provided by the _____ ________ that reside in the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles
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choroid plexus
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How much CSF is normally found in adults and how much is produced each day?
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4-5 oz (125-150ml) and nearly 2 cups are produced each day
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What are the percentages of cranial cavity contents of blood, brain tissue, and CSF?
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blood 10%, brain tissue 80%, CSF 10%
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Raised CSF pressure around optic nerve can cause:
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papilledema
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Normal CSF does not contain RBCs. A yellowish discoloration produced by the presences of oxyhemoglobin and bilirubin from RBC hemolysis.
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xanthochromia
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A block of subarachnoid space in vertebral column may be detected by compressing internal jugular veins. If a rise in cerebral venous pressure fails to occur the patients is said to exhibit a positive:
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Queckenstedt's sign
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Capillaries in CNS have the following structures:
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endothelial cells and "tight junctions", continuous basement membrane surrounding capillaries outside of endothelial cells, foot processes of astrocytes that adhere to outer surface of capillary walls
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The yellowing of the brain in fetus, newborn, or premature infant where BBB is not fully developed:
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kernicterus
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Lipid-soluble anesthetic agent that readily crosses BBB after intravenous injection:
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thiopental (sodium pentothal)
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