Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Four different chemical classifications of hormones
|
- Hormones travel in the bloodstreem. Distrubte into the body by blood.
- 2 nerve cells communicating through chemical messenger (NT) will respond and with that has a receptor. Synapse - Neuro-hormones goes to neuro to the blood to the messenger cell. Needs a receptor. - Autocrine toward the cell. Self secretion. Paracrine releases and the target cells are next door. |
|
|
Hydrophilic
|
Water soluble
Comes from Rough ER Amino acid based peptides/proteins Lipid insoluble |
|
|
Lipophilic
|
Lipid soluble
Comes from Smooth ER Steroids and thyroxine |
|
|
Solubility determines how a molecule?
|
Synthesized
Transported in the ECF Exerts its effects at the target cell. |
|
|
Hydophilic Ligands
|
Synthesis by rER to Golgi
Transport in ECF (dissolved) Receptor location on outer PM Alters membrane ion permeability -Opens and closes channels Activating a 2nd messenger - Alters the protein activity within the cell |
|
|
Lipophilic Ligands
|
Synthesis
Cholesterol precursor (only stored) Passes through PM to ECF Transport in ECF (cannot easily dissolve) Travel bound to proteins Must unbind to have action Receptor location diffuse through the PM - Binds inside the cell Gene activation for proteins synthesis |
|
|
2nd Messengers
|
Changes in target cells
Alters PM permeability Stimulate protein synthesis Activate/deactivate enzyme systems Induce secretory activity Stimulate mitosis |
|
|
_____ effects amplifies the ______ signal.
|
Cascading; original
Has to do with 2nd messenger |
|
|
Amine ligands
|
Derived from tyrosine or tryptophan
- Hydrophilic Include: NE, Epi, melatonin, thyroxine(is a lipophilic) |
|
|
Polypeptide/protein ligands
|
Chains of amino acids
- Hydrophilic Include: ADH, GH, insulin, oxytocin, glucagon, ACTH, PTH |
|
|
Glycoprotein + carbohydrate group
|
Include LH, FSH, TSH
- Hydrophilic |
|
|
Steroids
|
Are lipids derived from cholesterol.
Include testosterone, estrogen, progesterone and cortisol - Lipophilic |
|
|
Signal transduction
|
Events following a ligand binding to a receptor resulting in a specific response by the target cell.
|
|
|
Ligand bound receptor
- 1st messenger |
Produces an intracellular response by:
-Opening and closing specific ion channels -Activating a 2nd messenger -Direct gene activation The response depends on the TARGET CELL |
|
|
Target cell activation: 3 factors
|
-Blood levels of the ligand
-Relative number of receptors on target cell -The binding of receptors for the ligand. |
|
|
Agonist
|
Chemical which binds to receptor
Action mimics normal response Ex. birth control or morphine |
|
|
Antagonists
|
Chemical which binds to receptor
Binding does not result in response Competes with normal ligand Ex. pain medication which is a beta blocker |
|
|
Binding of ligand causes?
|
Channel to open or close
|
