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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Growth Hormone on glucose metabolism
Stimulation Direct or indirect? (via IGF or not?) Slow or fast effect? Other actions? |
-Hypoglycemia stimulates GH release
-These GH effects direct (not via IGF-1) -Slow effect (hours) -Suppresses insulin action in periperal tissues -Stimulates gluconeogenesis and GLYCOGENOLYSIS in liver, and triglyceride breakdown in adipocytes |
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Cortisol effects on glucose metabolism
Stimulation Direct or indirect? (via IGF or not?) Slow or fast effect? Other actions? |
Slow effect (hours).
Major Effect: stimulates gluconeogenesis, breaks down muscle protein. (Important during starvation) Other effects: - limits peripheral glucose utilization. - permissive effect on lipolysis. |
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Effect of Epinephrine on glucose metabolism
Stimulation Slow or fast effect? Other actions? |
FAST EFFECT
Hypoglycemia stimulates release from adrenal medulla Stimulates Glucagon release from pancreatic alpha cells Affects adipose tissue, muscles, and liver - stimulating fat breakdown in fat cells & glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis |
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Effects of Glucagon on Glucose Metabolism
Stimulation Slow or fast effect? Other actions? |
Secreted by alpha cells of islets of Langerhans
Dedicated “Hormone of fasting” Main effects are on liver and adipose cells (muscles lack glucagon receptors), to increase blood glucose: - In Liver: Increases glycogen breakdown Decreases glycogen synthesis Increases gluconeogenesis Increases breakdown of fatty acids to ketone bodies -In Adipose Tissue and Liver: -Increases lipolysis |
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Hormones working on glucose:
fast vs. slow? |
Glucagon, Epi yield acute, fast (minutes) responses.
Cortisol, GH yield chronic, slow (hours) responses. |
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Cause of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
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Type 2 DM: Insulin resistance (insulin never zero). Caused by defect (usually post-receptor) in cellular insulin response. Central obesity probably most important causitive factor.
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Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
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Diet, exercise (often work, at least at first)
Sulfonylureas - stimulate insulin release thru stimulation |
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Cause of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
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Type 2 DM: Insulin resistance (insulin never zero). Caused by defect (usually post-receptor) in cellular insulin response. Central obesity probably most important causitive factor.
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Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
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Diet, exercise (often work, at least at first)
Sulfonylureas - stimulate insulin release thru stimulation |
