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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metabolism - def'n
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The entire system of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in which matter and energy are exchanged between the cell and its environment
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Two components of Metabolism and what they do:
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Catabolism - breaks down
Anabolism - Builds up |
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ATPase - function
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Regulates how fast ATP can be broken down
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Transport method by which glucose is taken up by most cells (but not mucosal cells in the GI tract)
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Facilitated diffusion
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______ stimulates uptake of glucose in muscle and adipose tissue
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_Insulin_ stimulates uptake of glucose in muscle and adipose tissue
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The form in which glucose enters metabolic pathways
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glucose-6-phosphate
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Glycogen - def'n
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Storage form of glucose; a polysaccharide that is made up of branched chains of glucose molecules
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Glycogenolysis - def'n
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Glycogen phosphorylase removes units of glucose from glycogen when glucose levels are low
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Glucose cannot leave any tissues except the Liver, because . . .
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Glucose cannot leave any tissues except the Liver, because . . . the enzyme glucose-6-phosphotase can remove the phosphate that normally traps glucose in a cell
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Glycolysis - def'n
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A catabolic pathway that acts in the cytosol. It is anaerobic
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NAD+ + 2H →
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NADH
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FAD + 2H →
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FADH₂
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Under anaerobic conditions, H+ binds to _____ to become____
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Under anaerobic conditions, H+ binds to _pyruvate_ to become_lactic acid_
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Under anaerobic conditions, H+ binds to _____
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Under anaerobic conditions, H+ binds to _NAD/FAD_
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Gluconeogenesis - def'n
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Glucose is anabolically produced in the liver from non-carbohydrate substances
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"Reactants" of Gluconeogenesis
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pyruvate
amino acids glycerol |
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Cori Cycle - def'n
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Lactate is converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis
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# of ATP produced & used during Glycolsysis
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2 used
4 produced |
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# of ATP produced during aerobic respiration
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36
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By-products of ther Krebs cycle
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2 CO₂& 4 H+ are produced for each "turn" (3 turns per pyruvate) of the Krebs cycle
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Under anaerobic respiration, pyruvate becomes _______ which is then ________ or reconverted to _______ in the ________
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Under anaerobic respiration, pyruvate becomes _lactic acid_ which is then _used by other tissues_ or reconverted to _glucose_ in the _liver_
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Lipolysis - Def'n
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Triglycerides are converted to Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
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When _______ hydrolyzes a _______ in a lipoprotein to _______ and _______, the _______ enters an adipocyte and _________ goes to the liver
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When _Lipoprotein lipase_ hydrolyzes a _triglyceride_ in a lipoprotein to _fatty acids_ and _glycerol_, the _fatty acids_ enter an adipocyte and _glycerol_ goes to the liver
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Amino acids must lose _____ before the ________ can be further metabolized
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Amino acids must lose _amino group_ before the _carbon skeleton_ can be further metabolized
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Acetyl CoA _[can/cannot]_ be converted to pyruvic acid
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Acetyl CoA _cannot_ be converted to pyruvic acid
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Fatty acids _[can/cannot]_ be converted to glucose
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Fatty acids _cannot_ be converted to glucose
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