Physiological Psychology Test 2

Front 1

Categories of Neurotransmitters

Back 1

* I. Acetylcholines
* II. Monoamines
* III. Amino Acids
* IV. Peptides
* V. Other

Front 2

II. Monoamines
(Every Monoamines contains one N2H(2 Nitrogen's & a Hydrogen molecule) group. Monoamines are looked at most when treating psych disorders.

Back 2

* A. Catecholines
* B. Indolemines
* C. Histamines

Front 3

A. Catecholines

Back 3

* 1. DA
* 2. NE
* 3. E

Front 4

B. Indolemines

Back 4

* 1. Melatonin
* 2. Serotonin

Front 5

III. Amino Acids (Every Amino Acids contains an Amine & Carboxyl group (COOH))

Back 5

* A. GABA
* B. Glycine
* C. Glutamate
* D. Aspartate

Front 6

IV. Peptides (A chain of Amino Acids. Peptides are the only NT group we are learning about that also functions and Hormones.)

Back 6

* A. Substance P
* B. Endorphin
* C. Neuropeptide S
* D. Neuropeptide Y
* E. Vasopressin
* F. Oxytocin

Front 7

V. Other

Back 7

* A. Lipids
* B. Nucleotides
* C. Gases

Front 8

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Back 8

The molecules Acetate & Choline together

Front 9

Where do you get Acetylcholine?

Back 9

* You get the Acetate from acids in your diet.
* You get the Choline from Soy, Peanuts, Cauliflower…

Front 10

What is ACh broken down by?

Back 10

Acetylcholine Esterase

Front 11

Action is PNS by ACh

Back 11

Activates every muscle in the body.

Front 12

Action in the CNS by ACh

Back 12

• Learning & Memory, primarily in Hippocampus.
• Sleep & Arousal, particularly in Reticular Activating System (RAS).
• REM sleep, in the Pons.
• Active in Parasympathetic NS.
• Depending on person, Has to do with depression. That’s what Tricyclic Anti-Deps were trying to treat. Tricyclic Anti-Deps lower Acetylcholine levels. Side effects are memory issues and messes with sleep patterns.

Front 13

Catecholines

Back 13

* Chemically changed by:_MAO (Monoamine Oxidase – the enzyme which breaks down the Catecholines)_.
* Catecholines are very similar to each other.

Front 14

Dopamine (DA) Plays a role in:

Back 14

* Sympathetic arousal:
* Wakefulness:
* Hormones:
* Pleasure and affect:
* Sex:
* Food:
* Any drug or other addiction:
* Sleep:
* Mental Disorders:

Front 15

Increase in DA in Limbic system(emotion center) is seen in:

Back 15

Schizophrenia (increase of hallucinations, flat affect(socially withdrawn)). The drug Thorazin alleviates some of these symptoms.

Front 16

Decrease of DA seen in:

Back 16

Parkinson’s.

Front 17

Dysfunction of DA level in:

Back 17

Eating Disorders.

Front 18

Dysfunction of DA:

Back 18

Affects attention in learning and memory.

Front 19

D4 receptor has to do with:

Back 19

Thrill seeking.

Front 20

Norepinephrine (NE) plays a role in:

Back 20

* Arousal
* Active emotions
* Disorders
* Learning and Memory
* Eating

Front 21

Epinephrine (E) plays a role in:

Back 21

 Sympathetic NS
 Generalized anxiety
 Learning and memory
 Shyness and introversion

Front 22

Indolamines:
- What is the precursor of Melatonin & Seratonin?

Back 22

* Triptophan

Front 23

What NT is key for sleep?

Back 23

Melatonin

Front 24

What NT is linked with Depression more than any other NT?

Back 24

Seratonin

Front 25

90% of what NT is found in the Intestines?

Back 25

Seratonin.

Front 26

Antipsychotic drugs do what?

Back 26

Block Serotonin Receptors

Front 27

Anti-Anxiety drugs do what to Serotonin?

Back 27

Increase Serotonin levels

Front 28

Hallucinogen Drugs do what to Serotonin?

Back 28

Mess up Serotonin levels.

Front 29

Serotonin plays a role in?

Back 29

 depression
 OCD
 Impulsive disorders
 Affect (Emotion)
 Eating and drinking
 Arousal (Both Alertedness and Sleepiness)

Front 30

Histamines have to do mostly with ____.

Back 30

Allergies.

Front 31

Mast Cells:

Back 31

Cells that release Histamine.

Front 32

What does Histamine do to body?

Back 32

* Dilates Capillaries
* Causes flaring of wounds.

Front 33

What does Histamine play a role in?

Back 33

• Arousal
• Eating or drinking
• Pain

Front 34

Amino Acids and their roles

Back 34

The roles they play

Front 35

GABA Plays a role in:

Back 35

• Arousal
• Epilepsy
• Estrogen levels

Front 36

Glycine: (Mostly _Inhibitory_) Plays a role in...

Back 36

• Anorexia
• Sleep

Front 37

Glutamate- major _Excitatory_ NT in your brain, Plays role in:

Back 37

• Especially important in Learning and Memory.
• Visual Development
• Conductor of _Mild_ pain
• Arousal
• Disorders
• Addiction

Front 38

What is Glutamates particular receptor?

Back 38

NMDA

Front 39

Why is Glutamate crucial in learning?

Back 39

It increases New Synapses.

With NMDA, if there’s an increase in Glutamate, then there’s an increase in Calcium which increases Dendrite Bunches and New Synapses.

Front 40

Too much Glutamate kills _____ and can lead to ________.

Back 40

* neurons
* Amnesia

Front 41

Aspartate is chemically similar to _____.

Back 41

Glutamate.

Front 42

Highest amount of Aspartate found in the _______.

Back 42

_Thalamus_(The Switchboard)