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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compound |
A pure substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler pure substances using chemical means |
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Element |
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler pure substance using ordinary chemical means |
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Atom |
The smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have properties of the element |
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Molecule |
A group of two or more atoms that functions as a unit because the atoms are tightly bound together |
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Atomic wieght |
The average mass of the atoms of an element in atomic mass units (amu) |
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Atomic number |
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element |
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Molecular weight |
The sum of atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule |
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Proton |
A positively charge subatomic particle found in the nucleus |
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Electron |
A negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus |
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Neutron |
An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom |
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Isotope |
Atoms of the same element containing different numbers of neutrons, and therefore have different masses |
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Ion |
An electrically charged atom or group of atoms |
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Cation |
A positively charged ion |
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Anion |
A negatively charged ion |
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Ionic Bonding |
A bond formed on the basis of electrostatic forces that exist between oppositely charged ions |
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Covalent bonding |
A bond formed between two or more atoms by sharing of electrons |
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Valence |
The capacity of an atoms for entering into combination with other atoms |
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Ionic Valence |
Equal to the number of electrons gained or lost in forming the ionic species |
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Covalence |
Equal to the number of electrons from an atom that are involved in shared electron pair bonds with other atoms |
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Equilibrium |
Chemical equilibrium is a condition in which two opposing chemical reactions occur simultaneously at the same rate |
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Law of Mass action |
At a constant temperature the product of the active masses on one side of a chemical equation when divided by the product of the active masses on the other side of the chemical equation is a constant regardless of the amounts of each substance present at the beginning of the action |
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Avogadro's law |
States that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecule. The number of molecules in one gram-mole of a substance is 6.02 x 10^23, this is Avogadro’s number" |
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Gram-mole |
One molar unit |
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pH |
The pH of a solution is the negative log of its molar hydronium (proton) concentration |
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Acid |
A substance that is able to donate a hydrogen ion (H-proton) and therefore increase the concentration of Haq when it dissolves in water |
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Salts |
Ionic compounds that can be formed by replacing one or more of the hydrogen ions of an acid by a different positive ion
Contains a metal ion as the positive ion and a nonmetal ion as the negative ion |
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Base |
A substance that is an H+ acceptor
A base produces an excess of OH- Ions when it dissolves in water |
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Electrolyte |
A solute that produces ions in solution
Conducts an electric current in solution |
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Dissociation |
Ionization of electrolytes in aqueous solution to produce anions and cations |
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Anabolism |
The phase of metabolism in which simple substances are synthesized into complex materials of living tissue |
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Catabolism |
The metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simple ones, often resulting in a release of energy |
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Organic Compounds |
Any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon |
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Inorganic Compounds |
Inanimate, non biological in origin, and lack carbon carbon and hydrogen atoms |
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Hydrolysis Reaction |
The process in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles |
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Enzymes |
Biological molecules that catalyze (increase rates of) chemical reactions |
