Physio Unit 2 - Part 4

Front 1

adaptation rate

Back 1

change in the rate of action potentials per second down sensory nerve over time. how quickly they are reduced to not responding.

Front 2

Meissner's Corpuscles adaptation rate

Back 2

fast. only shoot off small number of APs while object is impacting the skin, and then their physical shape changes--> APs stop.

Front 3

Pacinian Corpuscles adaptation rate

Back 3

fast. only shoot off small number of APs while object is impacting the skin, and then their physical shape changes--> APs stop.

Front 4

Merkel's Disks adaptation rate

Back 4

slow. even after impacting the skin, APs continue to happen. excellent for grip control, to continue to monitor an object.

Front 5

Rufinni's Corpuscles adaptation rate

Back 5

slow. even after impacting the skin, APs continue to happen. excellent for grip control, to continue to monitor an object.

Front 6

receptive field

Back 6

size of skin patch that receptor will fire off to. smaller: more feature detection.

bigger: low feature detection.

Front 7

If you had a stroke on a given part of S1

Back 7

you would lose sensory input coming from that region.

Front 8

deafferentation

Back 8

functional amputation by severing afferent fibers.

Front 9

Tim Pons

Back 9

showed that when you deprive the cortex of sensory input following deafferentation (animal could still use limb), cortex became reorganized. areas that used to respond to input from the hand and arm region started responding to sensory input from other parts of the animal's body (ex: face region grows over where hand region used to be).

Front 10

phantom limb (amputation --> cortical reorganization)

Back 10

tom still feeling input from his face, but face region had grown to incorporate the hand. could feel in lip and phantom limb at the same time.

ex: person could feel sexual sensations or orgasm in phantom foot. dynamic plasticity going on of multiple sensory states.

Front 11

right hemisphere parietal lobe damage (S2 region)

Back 11

Body Dismorphic Disorder/Somatoparaphrenia: denial of ownership of one's own body part

ex: guy doesn't recognize own leg

Front 12

IASP Pain definition

Back 12

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that is associated with actual or potential tissue damage (not just actual tissue damage, but the belief that there is a potential for pain)

Front 13

What function does pain serve?

Back 13

Warning system for body damage/harm. Protects bodies from harm.

Front 14

Clinical conditions of people who don't have ability to sense pain

Back 14

Congenital insensitivity to pain syndrome

Acquired insensitivity to pain

Front 15

Acquired insensitivity to pain

Back 15

ex: advanced HIV

Front 16

Congenital insensitivity to pain syndrome

Back 16

people who are born without the capacity to sense pain.

ex: canadian girl bit off her tongue after chewing food, 3rd degree burns from radiator. did not report pain from noxious stimuli: electric shock, prolonged ice bath etc. also no changes in BP, heart rate or respiration. no sympathetic arousal whatsoever. several medical problems and operations. massive infections led her to die at age 29.

Front 17

Nociceptors

Back 17

class of receptors on nerve endings that detect noxious stimuli

Front 18

Noxious stimuli

Back 18

Potential to damage tissue

Front 19

4 types of nociceptors

Back 19

1. thermal - temperature (nociceptors kick in at a certain temp).

2. mechanical - ex: finger jammed in door. mechanical crushing injury.

3. chemo - respond to various chemical agents that can come from either within your body (swelling and adema releases chemicals that bind to receptor)

4. polymodal - respond to 2 stimuli: thermo/mechanical

Front 20

2 types of afferent fibers

Back 20

• A-delta fibers: larger & myelinated

• fast, sharp, highly localized pain

• C-fibers: smaller & unmyelinated

• slow, dull, diffuse pain

Front 21

A-delta fibers

Back 21

large diameter axon and myelinated. conduct APs very quickly. pain on this pathway is immediate, sharp, quick, highly localized

Front 22

C-fibers

Back 22

small diameter axons and unmyelinated. code for slow, pulsating pain that follows initial injury. throbbing: on and off, on and off, etc. that is pattern coding on C-fibers.

Front 23

Pattern coding

Back 23

follies of APs that quiet, over and over again (pulsating pain).

Front 24

Parallel Pain Pathways: Lateral pain system

Back 24

sensory processing of location, type and

intensity

Front 25

Parallel Pain Pathways: Medial pain system

Back 25

emotional processing of unpleasantness

even during pain empathy!

motivational processing for recuperation, etc.

Front 26

Empathy pain

Back 26

emotional response to watching a loved one in pain

increased activity of the ACC (codes emotional pain) while watching a loved one in pain. no increase in S1.

Front 27

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Back 27

unusual symptoms following spinal chord hemisection: lose touch on same side, lose pain on the other side.