Physio Test 3

Front 1

exchange between air in the
alveolae of the lungs and plasma in
capillaries; exchange between plasma
and interstitial fluid

Back 1

diffusion

Front 2

exchange 1 in respiratory system includes

Back 2

atmosphere to lung
- ventilation
- by bulk flow

Front 3

exchange 2 in respiratory system includes

Back 3

lung to blood
- diffusion

Front 4

exchange 3 in respiratory system includes

Back 4

blood to cells
- diffusion

Front 5

parts of upper resp. system are:

Back 5

pharynx, larynx, esophagus, tongue, & nasal cavity

Front 6

lower respiratory tract include:

Back 6

thorax, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm

Front 7

muscles for inspiration

Back 7

external intercostals, diaphragm, scalenes, & sternomastoids

Front 8

muscles for expiration

Back 8

internal intercostals, abdominal muscles

Front 9

what are 2 pleural membranes

Back 9

visceral (interior, attached to lung by connective tissue) and parietal (outer layer- attached to thoracic wall & diaphragm)

Front 10

what membranes slide against one another & keep the lung inflated

Back 10

pleural (fluid)

Front 11

what filters the air

Back 11

trachea & bronchi
- more specifically cilia

Front 12

what cells secrete mucus and dilute saline solution

Back 12

goblet cells
- allow cilia to keep beating & particles are trapped by mucus

Front 13

true or false- diffusion uses an outside energy source

Back 13

FALSE- uses kinetic energy of molecular movement

Front 14

The total pressure exerted by a mixture
of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted by the
individual gases.

Back 14

Dalton's Law

Front 15

what is pneumothorax

Back 15

a punctured lung- pleural membrane is pierced so pleural space continuous w/ atmosphere

Front 16

the ability of a
stretched lung to recoil

Back 16

elastance
- due to protein elastin

Front 17

what happens to elastin fibers in emphysema

Back 17

they are destroyed

Front 18

the ability for a lung to stretch

Back 18

compliance

Front 19

according to law of LaPlace, if 2 bubbles have same surface tension (T), which one will have the higher pressure

Back 19

smaller bubble

Front 20

amount of air moved during
quiet breathing

Back 20

tidal volume

Front 21

volume of air
above TV that can be inhaled with maximum effort

Back 21

inspiratory reserve volume

Front 22

volume of air
above TV that can be exhaled with maximum effort

Back 22

expiratory reserve volume

Front 23

air remaining in lungs after
maximal expiration

Back 23

residual volume

Front 24

total pulmonary ventilation equals

Back 24

ventilation rate x tidal volume

Front 25

decrease in alveolar ventilation accompanied by decrease in pressure in oxygen & increase in pressure of CO2 in alveoli

Back 25

hypoventilation

Front 26

increase in alveolar ventilation accompanied by increase in PO2 & decrease in PCO2

Back 26

hyperventilation

Front 27

decrease in alveolar ventilation not matched to metabolism

Back 27

hypoventilation
- leads to hypoxia & hycapnia

Front 28

slow wave potentials in smooth muscle are due to:

Back 28

graded potentials
- open Ca channels
- spontaneous

Front 29

what inner lining of blood vessels help regulate blood pressure, angiogenesis, & absorption of materials into blood

Back 29

endothelium

Front 30

what makes up tunica intima

Back 30

endothelium & adjacent connective tissue

Front 31

what blood vessel have all 4 types of tissue

Back 31

arteries
- have a lot of fibrous tissue to provide stiffness

Front 32

what determine leakiness of capillaries

Back 32

pericytes
- sit btwn capillary wall & interstitial fluid

Front 33

what allow WBCs to bypass capillaries

Back 33

metarterioles

Front 34

what is driving force for blood flow

Back 34

contraction of ventricles

Front 35

what is the primary determinant of velocity (when flow rate is constant)

Back 35

total cross-sectional area

Front 36

true or false- arterioles are controlled by sympathetic division only

Back 36

true

Front 37

increased blood flow in
response to increased metabolic activity

Back 37

active hyperemia
- exercise

Front 38

increased blood flow
following low perfusion

Back 38

reactive hyperemia

Front 39

vasodilation reduces resistance & increases blood flow

Back 39

true
- increase in protons, increase in K+, increase in osmolarity, bradykinin, NO all cause vasodilation

Front 40

breakdown of what creates NO

Back 40

arginine

Front 41

what paracrines are vasodilators

Back 41

NO, adenosine, histamine

Front 42

what paracrines are vasoconstrictor

Back 42

seratonine

Front 43

extracellular fluid is made up of

Back 43

plasma & interstital fluid

Front 44

description of number of particles in a solution

Back 44

osmolarity