Physio-Small Intestine

Front 1

Mixing mvmts of small intestine caused by ______

Back 1

Distention

Front 2

Colon-to-small intestine backflow prevented by ________

Back 2

ileocecal valve

Front 3

_________ is the primary mode of small intestine motility

Back 3

Segmentation

Front 4

Pathological inhibition of motility is called _________

Back 4

adynamic (paralytic) ileus

Front 5

Propulsive Peristalsis in small intestine includes “Contractile ring + Receptive relaxation” this is called

Back 5

Myenteric/Peristaltic reflex

Front 6

Secrete (basic) mucus into small intestine, stimulated by tactile or irritating stimuli, vagal activation, GI hormones

Back 6

Brunner’s glands in small intestine

Front 7

secrete protective, lubricating mucus

Back 7

Goblet cells in Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Front 8

secrete and
reabsorb H20 and electrolytes and reabsorb digestion products

Back 8

Enterocytes in the Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Front 9

H20 absorption
occurs by _______ through intestinal membrane

Back 9

diffusion

Front 10

Sodium undergoes _______ through intestinal membrane

Back 10

active transport

Front 11

Dehydration increases (2)

Back 11

1)aldosterone secretion
2)epithelial cell sodium absorption

Front 12

Elevated Na absorption increases _____

Back 12

Cl, H20 absorption

Front 13

Cholera, other bacteria causing diarrhea increase ___ & ___secretion

Back 13

Na, H20

Front 14

Ca actively absorbed in proportion to _____

Back 14

need

Front 15

Ca absorbion is controlled by ______ & ________

Back 15

parathyroid hormone
vitamin D

Front 16

Iron, K, Mg, phosphate are ______ absorbed

Back 16

actively

Front 17

Carbohydrates are absorbed in the form of ______

Back 17

monosaccharides (mostly glucose)

Front 18

Glucose, galactose co-transported with ______ into enterocytes by SGLT-1 carrier

Back 18

sodium

Front 19

Fructose not co-transported, but diffuses using ____ carrier

Back 19

Glut-5

Front 20

Proteins are mostly absorbed as dipeptides, tripeptides, amino acids into epithelial cells using _______ co-transport mechanism

Back 20

sodium

Front 21

Must be converted to amino acids and small peptides

GI HCI activates inactive protease (pepsin) precursors (pepsinogens), while the pancreas releases several proteases

Within GI lumen, both families of proteases hydrolyze it to peptides

Brush border enzymes (enterokinase and aminopeptidases) further hydrolyze peptides to amino acids and small peptides

Na dependent transporters carry amino acids and small peptides into enterocytes, where cytoplasmic peptidases finish hydrolyzing peptides into amino acids, which then pass into the bloodstream

Back 21

digestion of protien in the small intestine

Front 22

Passive diffusion of monoglycerides and fatty acids into enterocytes

Lipid soluble

Recombined to form triglycerides, then some -> glycerol , fatty acids

Triglycerides within Golgi apparatus assemble into globules (cholesterol + phospholipids); then undergo exocytosis excretion into lymph as CHYLOMICRONS; eventually emptied into neck veins

Back 22

Digestion of fats

Front 23

FAT is absorbed by _______ diffusion

Back 23

passive

Front 24

FAT absorption involves intracellular packaging into __________

Back 24

chylomicrons

Front 25

chylomicrons extruded from the mucosal cell via ________

Back 25

exocytosis

Front 26

fat enters into the lymphatic system via the central ______ of the villus

Back 26

lacteal

Front 27

SMALL INTESTINE ABSORPTION: VITAMINS & MINERALS

Back 27

water-soluble vitamins
fat-soluble vitamins
vitamin B12
IRON
CALCIUM