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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the MOA for estrogen's bone protective effect?
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Estrogen compounds are believed to have an osteoblast-stimulating effect.
During menopause, the drop in estrogen trips the bone remodeling balance towards bone degradation (osetoclast activity). HRT reestablishes the balance between the two. |
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If an antibody to HCG is given during the first month of pregnancy, the pregnancy will be aborted. Why?
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HCG stimulates the fxn of the corpus luteum, thereby stimulating estrogen/progesterone to be released during the first few weeks of pregnancy.
An AB that blocks it would cause the corpus luteum to involute and die, followed by menstruation and abortion of the pregnancy. |
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When do progesterone levels rise to their highest levels during the female hormonal cycle?
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Between ovulation and the beginning of menstruation.
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What stimulates the secretion of testosterone during embryonic development?
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HCG.
HCG binds to LH receptors on the interstitial cells of the testes of the male fetus. This results in the production of testosterone in male fetuses until birth. This small secretion of testosterone is what causes the fetus to develop male sex organs instead of female ones. |
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What stimulates the regrowth of epithelium of the uterus?
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Estrogen.
Estrogen is secreted in increasing amounts by the follicle cells during the first part of the cycle. During this time, epithelial and endometrial cells proliferate rapidly. |
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Giving prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to a pregnant woman can induce an abortion. Why?
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PGE2 strongly stimulates uterine contractions.
The fetal portion of the placenta releases prostaglandins in high proportions during labor. This release is associated with deterioration of the placenta. Prostaglandins strongly stimulate uterine smooth muscle. |
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If a women has a tumor that secretes large amounts of estrogens, what will happen?
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Progesterone levels in the blood will be very low.
The high [estrogen] suppresses the surge of LH from the anterior pituitary and ovulation will not occur. If ovulation does not occur, then progesterone production will not take place. |
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Which of the following is produced by the trophoblasts during the 1st 3 weeks of pregnancy?
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HCG.
This occurs shortly after the blastocyst implants in the endometrium. |
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2 days before the onset of menstruation, secretions of FSH and LH are at their lowest levels. Why?
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Secretion of estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin by the corpus luteum suppresses hypothalamic secretion of GnRH and pituitary secretion on FSH.
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How does HCG stimulate testosterone secretion in a fetus?
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In order for a male embryo to develop male genitalia, testosterone must be present in the embryo. HCG stimulates testosterone secretion from the testes.
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How do progesterone birth control pills work?
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They prevent the preovulatory surge of LH from the anterior pituitary gland.
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Why is osteoporosis more common in elderly women than men?
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Men continue to produce testosterone throughout their lives while women stop producing estrogen after menopause.
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During the latter stages of pregnancy, many women experience an increase in body hair growth in a male pattern. Why?
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The maternal and fetal adrenal glands secrete large amounts of androgenic steroids that are used by the placenta to form estrogen.
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During the week following ovulation, the endometrium increases in thickness to 5-6mm. Why?
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Progesterone from the corpus luteum.
Progesterone causes swelling and secretory development of the endometrium. |
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How does the blastocyst obtain nutrition during the 1st week after implantation?
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The trophoblast cells digest the nutrient-rich endometrial cells and then absorb their contents for use by the blastocyst.
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