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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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High neutrophils
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bacterial infection or severe tissue destruction
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High Eosinophils
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allergic reactions, parasitic infection or autoimmune disease
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High Basophils
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allergic reaction
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High Lymphocytes
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viral infection
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High monocytes
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viral or fungal infection
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to make platelets
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thrombocytopoiesis
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what stimulates Thrombocytopoiesis
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Thrombopoietin (TPO): AA hormone made by kidney, stimulates production of platelet & magakaryocytes
IL-6 stimulates platelet formation Multi-CSF stimulates platelet production by promoting the formation & growth of megakaryocytes |
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Vit K
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Synthesis of 4 factors by liver: prothrombin, Factors 7, 9, & 10
Produced by gut flora, fat soluble |
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endogenous that stops clotting
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Antithromboplastin
Factor C Prostacyclin Heparin Thrombomodulin |
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Antithromboplastin
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inactivates a factor 3 in the intrinsic pathway
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prostacyclin
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inhibits platelet aggregation & opposes action of thrombin, ADP, & others
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Heparin
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released by baso/mast cells inactivates thrombin, thromboplastin & prothrombin
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fibrinolysis
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dissolving a clot
plasminogen need to be activated by t-PA and thrombin --> plasmin: dissolves fibrin |
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Thrombomodulin
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released by endothelial cells cativates Protein C
Protein C inactivates several clotting factors & stimulates formation of plasmin which breaks down fibrin of clot |
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Therapeutic anticoagulants
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Heparin
Ca chelators (in vitro only) Warfarin |
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plasminogen activator
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Cytofibrokinase
Urokinase: made by kidney Plasma kinase t-PA & thrombin |
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Streptokinase
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activates plasmin systemically w/out going through t-PA
-> disposes bleeding in other organs and tissues. can develop Ab against = Type III hypersensitivity |
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Activated Protein C
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protects neurons from the same cell-death programs that t-PA accelerates. APC is approved for use in sepsis, in which the toxins produced by infectious microorganisms poison cells
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Staphylokinase
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Weaker & slower than SK (streptokinase)
Fibrin specific, like t-PA Could be safe & efficient like rt-PA but cheap like SK |
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new drugs comming out
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Vampire bat saliva (derivative) - Lasts 9 hours
Snake venom enzymes- anticoagulant Hirudin= widely used Anti-coagulant derived from leeches |
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recycling heme
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heme stripped of Fe --> biliverdin (green)
--> bilirubin (yellow) --> liver binds it w/albumin --> out w/bile Fe bind transferrin --> developing erythroblasts |
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storage form of Fe
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ferritin
hemosiderin |
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what naturally stimulates EPO
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low O2 b/c
anemia low blood flow to kidneys low O2 in air |
