Physio I - Tri 2 - Exam 2

Front 1

destroy bacteria, viruses, and injurious agents

Back 1

neutrophils and macrophages

Front 2

neutrophils and macrophages enter the tissue by:

Back 2

diapedesis, ameboid motion, chemotaxis

Front 3

define chemotaxis

Back 3

chemical signal draws cells toward inflammed tissues

Front 4

most important function of macrophages and neutrophils

Back 4

phagocytosis

Front 5

substances of the body have ___ , but foreign particles generally do not

Back 5

substances of the body have protective protein coats -- smooth surfaces. foreign particles have rough surfaces

Front 6

antibodies adhere to

Back 6

foreign particles rough surfaces

Front 7

opsonization

Back 7

antibody combines with C3 product of complement cascade; C3 molecules attach to receptros on phagocyte membrane

Front 8

peroxisomes form?

Back 8

oxidizing agents

Front 9

oxidizing agents formed by peroxisomes

Back 9

superoxide (O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl ions (OH1)

Front 10

Monocyte-Macrophage System aka ?

Back 10

reticuloendothelial system

Front 11

what is the monocyte-macrophage system

Back 11

is made up of monocytes and mobile macrophages, fixed tissue macrophages, and specialized endothelial cells

Front 12

specialized endothelial cells involved in reticuloendotheilial system?

Back 12

histiocytes in skin and subcutaneous tissues; macrophages of the lymph nodes; alveolar macrophages in the lungs; kupffer cels in the liver sinuses; macrophages of the spleen and bone marrow

Front 13

inflammation defined

Back 13

changes that occur with tissue damage

Front 14

steps of inflammation

Back 14

(1) vasodilation (2) increased permeability of capillaries (3) clotting of fluid in interstitial spaces (4) migration of granulocytes and monocytes into the tissue (5) swelling

Front 15

tissue products that aid swelling

Back 15

histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, prostaglandins, complement system, blood-clotting system, lymphokines (released by T cells)

Front 16

part of innate immunity

Back 16

lymphocytes

Front 17

part of humoral immunity

Back 17

antibodies

Front 18

major site for maturation of cell mediated immunity

Back 18

thymus

Front 19

directly stimulates T-helper cells

Back 19

T-helper cells

Front 20

when does the most preprocessing of T cells occur

Back 20

near time of birth

Front 21

what is the immediate precursor of antibodies

Back 21

plasma cells

Front 22

what is the most bundant immunoglobin class in a primary antigenic response

Back 22

IgM

Front 23

predominant immunoglobin class in a secondary antigenic challenge

Back 23

IgG

Front 24

immunoglobin class that has the largest structure

Back 24

IgM

Front 25

least abundant immunoglobin class

Back 25

IgD

Front 26

immunoglobin class found predominately on mucous membranes

Back 26

IgA

Front 27

immunoglobin class involved in erythroblastosis fetalis

Back 27

IgG

Front 28

immunoglobin class that has a secretory element

Back 28

IgA

Front 29

function that facilitates ingestion by phagocytosis

Back 29

opsonization

Front 30

what could play a part in both acquired and active types of immunities

Back 30

vaccinations

Front 31

what antigen is found in type O blood

Back 31

H

Front 32

what is the blood phenotype of children with parents AA and OO

Back 32

A

Front 33

what is a patient's ABO blood type if their serum reacts with B-cells

Back 33

A

Front 34

what antibodies are present with a blood type of AB-?

Back 34

D

Front 35

is Rh- baby associated with hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Back 35

no

Front 36

major concern with kernicterus

Back 36

bilirubin > or equal to 20 mg/dl

Front 37

major concern for a transfusion reaction

Back 37

kidney failure

Front 38

graft from one person to another

Back 38

allogract

Front 39

what are the components of hemostais

Back 39

platelets, coagulation factors, endothelial cells (NOT white blood cells)

Front 40

events of hemostasis

Back 40

compression, blood coagulation, clot retraction (NOT vasodilation)

Front 41

involved in the formation of a platelet plug

Back 41

adherence, aggregation, secretion (NOT aggravation)

Front 42

associated with platelets

Back 42

ATP production, cellular growth, cellular repair, (NOT cellular reproduction)

Front 43

ion that acts as a coagulation factor

Back 43

calcium

Front 44

substance that is an anticoagulant and procoagulant

Back 44

thrombin

Front 45

which vitamin is critical for coagulation

Back 45

k

Front 46

what is heparin

Back 46

powerful intrinsic anticoagulant

Front 47

during tissue damage, what initial step begins the leukocyte response

Back 47

release of interleukin-1

Front 48

are lyzosomes part of innate immunity

Back 48

yes

Front 49

are antibodies part of innate immunity

Back 49

no

Front 50

are activated T cells and memory B cells part of innate immunity

Back 50

no

Front 51

what type of immunity is stimulated by: hapten combined with animal dander

Back 51

acquired immunity

Front 52

T-helper cells can be stimulated by:

Back 52

T-helper and T-suppressor cells

Front 53

class of antibodies that ha the greatest response to a primary antigenic challenge

Back 53

IgM

Front 54

class of antibodies that can cross the placenta?

Back 54

IgG

Front 55

class of antibodies that is the most abundant

Back 55

IgG

Front 56

Class of antibodies that has the largest structure

Back 56

IgM

Front 57

class of antibodies found predominately on mucous membranes

Back 57

IgA

Front 58

class of immunoglobin that has a secretory portion

Back 58

IgA

Front 59

define agglutination

Back 59

clumping of cells due to antibodies adhering to their surface antigens

Front 60

example of lack of self tolerance

Back 60

glomerulonephritis

Front 61

vaccination is an example of what types of immunity

Back 61

active and acquired

Front 62

allergy associated with familial connections

Back 62

atopic

Front 63

antigens in the A-B-O blood groups

Back 63

A, B, H (NOT O)

Front 64

what A-B-O blood type would have H antibodies

Back 64

Bombay

Front 65

phenotype of a child with AA and OO parents?

Back 65

A

Front 66

Class of antibodies that has the largest structure

Back 66

IgM

Front 67

class of antibodies found predominately on mucous membranes

Back 67

IgA

Front 68

class of immunoglobin that has a secretory portion

Back 68

IgA

Front 69

define agglutination

Back 69

clumping of cells due to antibodies adhering to their surface antigens

Front 70

example of lack of self tolerance

Back 70

glomerulonephritis

Front 71

vaccination is an example of what types of immunity

Back 71

active and acquired

Front 72

allergy associated with familial connections

Back 72

atopic

Front 73

antigens in the A-B-O blood groups

Back 73

A, B, H (NOT O)

Front 74

what A-B-O blood type would have H antibodies

Back 74

Bombay

Front 75

phenotype of a child with AA and OO parents?

Back 75

A

Front 76

If a patient has positive results to both A and B cells during reverse typing, what is their blood type

Back 76

O

Front 77

if a ptient is Rh-, they are what?

Back 77

they are dd (NOT Dd, NOT type O, NOT a person with D antigens)

Front 78

what kind of transplant can you give yourself

Back 78

autograft

Front 79

which component of hemostasis is both pro- and anti- coagulation?

Back 79

thrombin

Front 80

what vitamin is a cofactor for at least four clotting factors

Back 80

vitamin K

Front 81

what mineral is a clotting factor

Back 81

calcium

Front 82

T/F core temperature varies

Back 82

False. must be kept constant

Front 83

T/F your skin temperature varies with your environment and metabolism

Back 83

true

Front 84

hormones such as thyroxine, growth hormone, and testosterone will increase your BMR (T/F)

Back 84

true

Front 85

an overweight female will conduct heat 1/3 as readily as a skinny female *(T/F)

Back 85

true. fat keeps you from losing heat. overweight will keep more heat inside and be insulated from outside too

Front 86

the flow of heat is from environment to skin to core (T/F)

Back 86

False. heat transfer from core to skin to environment

Front 87

T/F blood flow can be shunted using ateriovenous anastomoses to keep heat from being lost to extremities

Back 87

true

Front 88

What are the four mechanisms of heat loss??

Back 88

radiation
conduction
convection
evaporation

Front 89

There are two types of evaporation. What are they??

Back 89

insensible ( from lungs and skin)
sensible ( from sweating, urine, feces)

Front 90

T/F conduction uses a medium

Back 90

FALSE> don't screw this up. CONVECTION uses a medium. conduction transfers heat to an object like your chair

Front 91

temperature decreasing mechanisms are???

Back 91

vasodilation
sweat
inhibition of shivering and chemical thermogenesis

Front 92

temperature increasing mechanisms are>??

Back 92

skin vasoconstriction
piloerection
increased heat production through shivering, sympathetic excitiation, and thyroxin

Front 93

how can one acclimatize to exercise?

Back 93

raising core temp during exercise will trigger heat loss responses. adjusting heart rate and temp by regular heat exposure and strenuous exercise

Front 94

how does the human respond to cold? do their blood vessels shunt? what about metabolic changes?

Back 94

blood vessels will conserve heat with an A-V shunt and use a countercurrent heat exchange. metabolically, cold acclimatization will occur to keep extremities warm (Lewis Hunting response)

Front 95

T/F factors such as physical fitness, age, drugs, and diseases will affect thermoregulatory responses and tolerance to heat and cold

Back 95

true

Front 96

what are pyrogens?

Back 96

proteins that breakdown products of proteins. examples include lipopolysaccharide toxins and G- endotoxins

Front 97

T/F interleukin-1 will cause hypothalamus to elevate temperature?

Back 97

True. produced by leukocytes, tissue macrophages, killer lymphocytes and during fever

Front 98

what are considered febrile conditions?

Back 98

chills, crisis or fluch

Front 99

heat stress can cause heat syncope?

Back 99

True. heat sycncope is circulatory failure due to pooling of blood in the peripheral veins, thereby reducing venous return

Front 100

name a few examples of extreme cold hypothermia

Back 100

frostbite
cold-induced vasodilation
artificial hypothermia