Physio- Gastrointestinal Disorders

Front 1

Inflammation of gastric mucosa
Can lead to ulceration if untreated
Can be caused by bacterial infection, alcohol, aspirin

Back 1

Gastritis

Front 2

stomach acids or bile salts back up into the esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach) producing a burning sensation behind the breastbone and esophageal irritation or inflammation

Back 2

GERD, also known as acid reflux

Front 3

vitamin B12 absorption is impaired in both short-bowel syndrome and intestinal bacterial stasis syndrome through the loss of ileal receptors and by bacterial uptake or cleavage of the intrinsic factor complex. Consequently, the patient becomes progressively malnourished with a deficiency of body fat, fat-soluble vitamins, and vitamin B12. Such patients typically suffer from extreme diarrhea and learn to restrict their food intake in order to reduce the frequency of their meal-stimulated stool evacuations, further compromising their nutritional state.

Back 3

Crohn’s disease

Front 4

The risk of developing _____ in patients with symptomatic Crohn's disease who develop disease early in life may be three- to 20-fold higher than that of the general population.

Back 4

colon cancer

Front 5

Pellagra is a disease characterised by diarrhoea, dermatitis and dementia. If left untreated, death is the usual outcome. It occurs as a result of niacin (vitamin B-3) deficiency. Niacin is required for most cellular processes. Since tryptophan in the diet can be converted to niacin in the body, both of these need to be deficient for pellagra to develop.

Back 5

Hartnup disease

Front 6

Complications of gastric resection and vagotomy

Back 6

Dumping syndrome

Front 7

Abdominal distension. This is the most important sign of gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction in the neonatal period, particularly if accompanied by bilious vomiting, tenderness, or delayed passage of meconium

Back 7

Paralytic (adynamic) ileus

Front 8

Stomach secretions lack intrinsic factor (protein that aids B12 absorption)
B12 not absorbed in sufficient amounts, B12 needed by neurons, blood cells

Back 8

Pernicious anemia

Front 9

Increased motility and secretion caused by irritated mucosa, infection

Back 9

Enteritis

Front 10

Parasympathetic stimulation
Increases motility and secretion

Back 10

Psychogenic diarrhea

Front 11

Inflammation and ulceration of large intestine walls

Back 11

Ulcerative colitis

Front 12

Stimulation of brain center -> deep breath -> open upper esophageal sphincter -> glottal closing -> soft palate closes off posterior nares -> diaphragm/abdominal muscles contract simultaneously -> lower esophageal shpincter relaxes

Back 12

Vomiting

Front 13

Pt presents w/
Chronic vomiting
Nutrient loss
Alkalosis (more acids expelled than bases)
Where is the intestinal obstruction?

Back 13

Pyloric

Front 14

Pt presents w/
Small intestine antiperistaltic reflux
Dehydration

Where is the intestinal obstruction?

Back 14

Beyond stomach

Front 15

Pt presents w/

Acidosis (more bases than acids expelled)
Fecal matter can also get expelled after several days of obstruction

Where is the intestinal obstruction?

Back 15

Near lower end of small intestine

Front 16

Pt presents w/

Multiple weeks of fecal accumulation results in severe constipation followed by intense vomiting

Where is the intestinal obstruction?

Back 16

Near distal end of colon

Front 17

Decreased pancreatic secretions -> Large amounts of fatty feces

Back 17

steatorrhea

Front 18

90% due to alcohol or gallstone

Back 18

Pancreatitis

Front 19

Blockage of pancreatic duct at papilla of Vater by gallstone, Results in __________

Back 19

autodigestion of pancreas

Front 20

Characterized by protein deficiency, occurs mainly in impoverished countries
carbohydrates serve as primary source of nutrition

Back 20

Kwashiorkor

Front 21

genetic mutations in the apical chloride channel results in low volume of exocrine secretion & buildup of mucous

Back 21

Cystic fibrosis

Front 22

_______ output is decreased with Chronic pancreatitis

Back 22

Tripsin

Front 23

fibrosis
ductal occlusion
autodigestion
decrease in pancreatic function
steatorrhea
weight loss
upper abdominal pain

Back 23

Chronic pancreatitis

Front 24

autodigestion
Increased levels of pancreatic enzymes
abdominal pain
inflammation
edema
hemorrhage
hypovolemia
hypotension
necrosis

Back 24

Acute pancreatitis

Front 25

impairment of the defecation reflex
brought on by chronic constipation
Commonly caused by sigmoid myenteric plexus ganglion cell deficiency

Back 25

(Hirschsprung’s disease)

Front 26

_____ deficiency is a congenital defect whose symptoms include glucose and galactose intolerance, diarrhea, body wasting

Back 26

SGLT-1

Front 27

-lactase deficiency
-age dependent
-symptoms
-abdominal discomfort
-diarrhea

Back 27

Lactose intolerance

Front 28

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

Back 28

vitamin B12 deficiency

Front 29

degradation of the gastric luminal wall & gastric mucosal barrier that causes an impermeant of tight junctions.
symptoms include hemorrhage
& perforation of the stomach wall

Back 29

PEPTIC ULCER

Front 30

causes of peptic ulcer

Back 30

Helicobacter pylori
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
caffeine, alcohol

Front 31

autoimmune dz.
inflammation due to an allergic response to gluten damages intestinal villi & flattens mucosa which reduces the surface area.
Pathology is reversible.

Back 31

Gluten enteropathy

Front 32

pancreatic gastrinoma

Back 32

ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME