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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 requirements for proper male sex development?
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Y chromosome
SRY MIS - Mullerian Inhibitory Substance Testosterone 5-alpha-reductase - generates DHT |
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How do LH and FSH function in the male?
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LH - stimulates Leydig cells to release androgens (uses cAMP)
FSH - stimulates sertoli cells to stimulate and secret nourishment for sperm |
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How do LH and FSH have increased half-life in the body?
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They are glycosylated, glycoprotein hormones.
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What hormones act in pulsatile fashion in the male and why?
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GnRH, which induces a pulsatile response in LH and FSH, except LH can sense pulsatile increase while FSH cannot.
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What 4 major changes happen during puberty in the male?
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- Increase in LH and FSH
- Increase in blood testosterone - Increase in Testes Size and Penis - Growth Spurt |
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What do Leydig, Sertoli and Germ cells do?
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Leydig: lots of mitochondira, make testosterone, chill out in interstitium of testis.
Sertoli: nourishes sperm with nutrients, stimulated by FSH, forms blood testis barrier. Make ABP!!! (androgen binding protein) Germ cells: become sperm. Require FSH and Testosterone |
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What does testosterone irreversibly become? What are they originally made from?
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DHT
cholesterol |
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What is SSBG? What does it do?
What is ABP? |
Sex Steroid Binding Globulin. Binds testosterone in the blood.
Androgen Binding Protein ALSO binds testosterone, but in the testis, not the blood. |
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What does testosterone do? What does it NOT do?
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does:
prostate growth beard growth sebum formation penis and scrotum growth doesn't do: sex drive frequency fantasies impotence homosexuality |
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What do activin and inhibin work on?
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Activator and Inhibitor of FSH
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How does FSH help LH?
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It increases LH receptors on Leydig cells.
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Virilization:
What is a normal sperm count? What is considered oligospermia? |
100 million
<20 million |
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What do exogenous/excessive androgens do in the male?
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Shut off reproductive axis. No GnRH, no LH, no FSH, which means LOW testicular testosterone!
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What happens in 5-alpha reductase deficiency?
what happens to them at puberty? |
5-AR converts Testosterone to DHT. No DHT means no SRY, no SRY means no external male genitalia or testes. Appear and are raised as women.
testosterone transforms wolffian ducts, MIF causes regression of mullerian ducts. at puberty, their clitoris becomes a penis! labia fuse into a scrotum and descend! all because of the sudden jump in testosterone. |
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At 8 weeks birth, what gives the signal for differentiation of external genitalia?
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DHT
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What do each of these become with or without the presence of DHT?
genital tubercle genital swelling genital folds urogenital sinus |
genital tubercle: glans penis or clitoris
genital swelling: scrotum or labia majora genital folds: penis or labia minora urogenital sinus: prostate or outer vagina |
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What initiates puberty in females?
What is the first physical change in puberty for girls and boys? |
GnRH stimulates FSH
girls: breasts boys: testes |
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What are the development roles of Testosterone and DHT?
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Fetal: Testosterone makes your sac stuff, DHT makes the shaft stuff
At puberty, Testosterone makes the shaft stuff bigger, while DHT does your SAC and makes you smell and be hairy. Testosterone makes sperm, DHT makes your prostate grow. |
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What is AIS? What causes it?
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Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome / Testicular Feminization
Testes are present, produce MIF and involute the mullerian ducts. But the androgen receptor is jacked so T and DHT can't work. Wolffian ducts regress. Even at puberty when testosterone spikes, it is all converted to estrogen and they are superfeminized. |
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What are some causes for prostate cancer and how can you treat it?
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Continued growth of DHT
tx: reduce 5alphareductase levels, which will lower DHT block androgen receptors with long acting GnRH |
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What is:
1) Hypopituitarism 2) HyperPRL 3) Precocious Puberty |
1) No GnRH, no testes
2) reduced fertility, decreased LH, FSH, GnRH, impotence 3) Increased GnRH |
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What do these symptoms indicate?
hypogonadal male anabolic steroids low testosterone sertoli cell tumor increased E2 AIS |
gynecomastia
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