Physio Exam 3 Lec 5

Front 1

Saliva functions

Back 1

Lubrication and moistening of food for swallowing

Solubilization of materials for taste

Initiation of carbohydrate digestion (Amylase)

Neutralization of refluxed gastric secretions in the esophagus

Cleansing of the mouth and selective antibacterial action

Front 2

Serous cells secrete

Back 2

aqueous fluid: water, ions, enzymes

Front 3

Ductal cells

Back 3

striaited cells: modify saliva

Front 4

Myoepithelial cells

Back 4

stimulated by neural input, contract and eject saliva

Front 5

Most of the saliva comes from

Back 5

Submaxillary gland which is mixed and innervated by facial nerve

Front 6

Ducts modify saliva by transporting ions in or out of saliva

Back 6

K in
HCO3 in
Na out
Cl out
Duct cells are impermeable to water, so even if Cl is absorbed from saliva, water wont pass the duct cells because they're impermeable

Front 7

Initial saliva is

Back 7

isotonic plasma like

Front 8

Final saliva

Back 8

Hypotonic and rich in HCO3 and K

Front 9

Saliva contents

Back 9

Alpha amylase
lingual lipase
mucin glycoproteins, IgA

Front 10

Highest saliva flow rate ends up producing final saliva much like initial saliva..why/

Back 10

Not enough time for ductules to modify saliva

Front 11

Low saliva flow rates leads to final saliva being hypotonic compared to plasma..why?

Back 11

enough time for ductules to modify saliva

Front 12

[HCO3-] secretion is selectively stimulated along with

Back 12

Saliva production

Front 13

tTransporters on basal membrane of Acinar cells

Back 13

Na/K Atpase pump
K channel (to interstital space)
Na/H exchanger
Na/K/2Cl transporter (inside of cell)

Front 14

transporters on apical membrane of acinar cell

Back 14

K channel ( to lumen)
HCO3/Cl transport (to lumen)

Front 15

Ductal cells rate of absorption vs secretion

Back 15

absorption is greater

Front 16

Lumen of the ducts cells vs basal membrane duct cell components

Back 16

Lumen has more components to modify saliva

Front 17

Na is absorbed from saliva by ductal cells via

Back 17

Na/H exchanger
Enac channel

Front 18

Cl is absorbed from saliva by ductal cells via

Back 18

HCO3/Cl exhanger...Cl goes out of saliva, HCO3 goes in

Front 19

K gets secreted into saliva by ductal cells via

Back 19

K/H exchanger

Front 20

The major path tthat stimulates saliva secretion

Back 20

Dehydration, fear, sleep stimulate parasymp, via CN VII and IX, Ach is released and binds to Muscarinic receptors on acinar or ductal cells. IP3 and Ca levels go up and saliva is produced

Front 21

Sympathetic stimulation to acinar cell or ductal cell

Back 21

through NE, it binds to Breceptor and this increases cAMP production leading to saliva producton

Front 22

Sjorgen Syndrome

Back 22

Antibodies that react with salivary and lacrimal glands leading to lost of Cl/HCO3 expression in ductal cells

Front 23

Secondary disease of Sjrogen Syndrome

Back 23

salivary dysfunction is a manifestation of an autoimmune disease, Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 24

Pancreas Exocrine function

Back 24

Secretes pancreatic juice which breaks down all categories of food
Bicarbonate rich- pH close to 8.0 that neutralizes the acidic gastric contents entering the small intestine
Acini (clusters of secretory cells) contain zymogen granules with digestive enzymes

Front 25

Pancreas Endocrine function

Back 25

releae of insulin and glucagon

Front 26

Pancreatic secretions are riched in

Back 26

HCO3 so main modification while going through duct is enrichement with HCO3

Front 27

In the intralobular ductal system of the pancreas..whats secreted?

Back 27

Na
K
HCO3
Cl

Front 28

In the extralobular ductal system..whats secreted? what's absorbed

Back 28

HCO3 is secreted
Cl is absorbed

Front 29

Fast flow rate in pancreas secretions leads to

Back 29

pancreatic juice with low Cl and high HCO3

Front 30

Slow flow rate in pancreas secretion leads to

Back 30

high in Cl and less HCO3

Front 31

Steps of acinar electrolyte secretion

Back 31

1)The Na-K pump creates the inwardly directed Na gradient across the basolateral membrane
2)The Na/K/Cl cotransporter produces the net Cl uptake, driven by the Na gradient which is generated by the Na-Pump
3)The rise in intracellular K that results from the activity of the pump and cotransporter is shunted by basolateral K channels that provide an exit pathway for K
4)The intracellular accumulation of Cl establishes the electrochemical gradient that drives Cl secretion into the acinar lumen through the apical membrane Cl channels
5) The movement of Cl into the lumen makes the transepithelial voltage more lumen-negative driving Na into the lumen via the tight junction

Front 32

HCO3 secretion by acinar cells

Back 32

-Bicarbonate enters the cell Na/HCO3 cotransporter in basal membrane
-CO2 and H20 (later broken down into OH) diffuse across the basal membrane and are synthesized into HCO3 by Carbonic anhydrase
-Cl gets out of cell in the apical membrane via CTFR and outward rectifying Cl channel
-Cl that got out is brought back by the Cl/HCO3 exchanger and HCO3 is secreted. W/O Cl channel HCO3 secretion would be hindered

Front 33

Secretin action on pancreatic ductal and acinar cells

Back 33

Stimulates electrolytes secretion in both ductal and acinar cells.

Front 34

Enzyme secretion inhibition feedback through trypsin, CCK and monitor peptide

Back 34

High protein concentration, induces secretion of CCK releasing peptides, which activates I cells to secrete CCK which reach pancreas and stimulate enzymes for digestion from acinar cells (trypsin) Monitor peptide from pancreas. When theres a lot of protein from food, lots of CCK releasing peptide and monitor cells keep stimulating pancreas ro release digestive enzymes. Once proteins from food have been digested, monitor peptides and CCK releasing peptides are digested by trypsin, so pancreas stops releasing digestive enzymes

Front 35

Ca2+ occilation and digestive enzymes

Back 35

Release of Ca2+ by CCK increases the frequency of occilation of Ca2+ (going up and down concentrations intracellularly) amount of Ca2+ stays the same. occilation of Ca2+ does stimulate the release of digestive enzymes in vivo

Front 36

Cephalic phase of pancreatic secretion is regulated by

Back 36

vagal stimulus

Front 37

Gastric phase of pancreatic secretion is regulated by

Back 37

Vagal cholinergic

Front 38

Intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion is regulated by

Back 38

CCK
Secretin
Enteropancreatic reflexes

Front 39

Cystic fibrosis affects

Back 39

lungs, intestine, biliary system and pancreas

Caused by mutations in the CFTR gene

Front 40

Loss of CFTR function impairs

Back 40

the ability to hydrate and alkalinize the luminal content

Front 41

Sign and symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis

Back 41

Thick, viscous mucus secretion in the lung
Thick sputum
Respiratory infections
Increase in NaCl of sweat
Intestinal obstruction
Duodenal mucosal injury
Damage to the liver and biliary system