Physio Exam 2

Front 1

In what vessels does the exchange of materials between the blood in the capillaries and cells in the tissues?

Back 1

CAPILLARIES

Front 2

The highest pressure in the artery produced during the heart’s contraction phase is

Back 2

SYSTOLIC

Front 3

The lowest pressure in the artery produced during the heart’s relaxation phase is

Back 3

DIASTOLIC

Front 4

Describe how you know when to record a person’s systolic pressure? What is the physiology behind the sound?

Back 4

WHEN BLOOD STARTS FLOWING BACK THROUGH

Front 5

Describe how you know when to record a person’s diastolic pressure? What is the physiology behind the sound?

Back 5

JUST BEFORE BLD FLOW TURNS BACK TO LAMINAR

Front 6

Narrowing of vessel diameter is called and would cause an (increase/decrease) in blood pressure?

Back 6

VASOCONSRICTION

Front 7

Widening of the vessel diameter is called and would cause and (increase/decrease) in blood pressure?

Back 7

VASODILATION

Front 8

The pressure wave transmitted through the fluid of the cardiovascular system is called the

Back 8

PULSE

Front 9

What is the value for normal blood pressure

Back 9

120/80

Front 10

If you have a tube filled with liquid that has 40 mmHg pressure at one end and 50 mmHg pressure at the other end, will the liquid move?
In which direction?

Back 10

YES
TOWARD THE 40

Front 11

A decrease in the diameter of the vessels is called

Back 11

VASOCONSTRICTION

Front 12

Select the correct sequence for blood flow in the vessels as the blood leaves the left ventricle.
1. Vena cavae
2. Veins
3. Arterioles
4. Capillaries
5. Venules
6. Arteries

Back 12

6. ARTERIES
3. ARTERIOLES
4. CAPILLARIES
5. VENULES
2. VEINS
1. VENA CAVAE

Front 13

The circulation that carries blood to the lungs to be oxygenated is (pulmonary/system) circulation

Back 13

PULMONARY

Front 14

What causes the heart sounds

Back 14

OPENING AND CLOSING OF VALVES

Front 15

The contraction phase of the heart is called

Back 15

SYSTOLE

Front 16

In a normal heart, what functions as the pacemaker?

Back 16

SA NODE

Front 17

Which pathway speeds up heart rate?

Back 17

SYMPATHETIC

Front 18

Neurotransmitters increase the flow of ions through the If (HCN) channels in the SA Node, would this increase or decrease heart rate?

Back 18

INCREASE HR

Front 19

The autorhythmic cells depolarize spontaneously because the Na+ open upon ____________ from the previous action potential

Back 19

HYPERPOLARIZATION

Front 20

Regarding the depolarization of autorhythmic cells, place the following statements in the correct sequence:
a. Voltage gated Ca++ channels open, calcium enters the cell.
b. Repolarization occurs when voltage-gated K+ are opened
c. Ion channels (HCN or If channels) open upon hyperpolarization
d. Na+ enters the cell causing depolarization
e. Upstroke and action potential occurs. C D A E B

Back 20

C - Ion channels (HCN or If channels) open upon hyperpolarization
D - Na+ enters the cell causing depolarization
A - Voltage gated Ca++ channels open, calcium enters the cell.
E - Upstroke and action potential occurs
B - Repolarization occurs when voltage-gated K+ are opened

Front 21

During excitation-contraction coupling of the heart muscle tissue, depolarization of the myocardial cells causes what ion to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Back 21

CA IONS

Front 22

Calcium will bind to ______________ to stimulate muscle contraction (in skeletal and cardiac muscle).

Back 22

TROPINON

Front 23

Parasympathetic neurons release Ach which increases cell permeability to which ion? Does this cause heart rate to decrease or increase and why?

Back 23

TO K ION – CAUSES DECREASE – TAKING FURTHER AWAY FROM THRESHOLD

Front 24

The conducting tissues of the heart are responsible for carrying electrical impulses through the heart muscle, ultimately causing muscle contraction. Place the conducting tissues of the heart in the sequence that describes the path of the electrical impulse through the heart.
a. Av node
b. Purkinje fibers
c. Sa node
d. Bundle of His/bundle fibers C A D B

Back 24

C - SA NODE
A - AV NODE
D - BUNDLE OF HIS (OR BUNDLE FIBERS
B - PURKINJE FIBERS

Front 25

When ischemia occurs what happens to the flow of oxygen to the tissues?

Back 25

REDUCED BLOOD FLOW

Front 26

Why do heart muscle cells need access to the blood?

Back 26

O2 FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Front 27

When cardiac cells do not have enough oxygen, what process do the cells use to make ATP?

Back 27

ANAEROB RESPIRATION (OR LACTIC FERMINTATION)

Front 28

Hardening of the arteries is called ___________________

Back 28

ATHEROSLEROSIS

Front 29

Which are the good cholesterol “carriers” LDL or HDL?

Back 29

HDL

Front 30

list the three factors that affect resistance to blood flow?

Which of the three have the greatest affect in the body and why?

Back 30

1. DIAMETER
2. LENGTH OF SYSTEM
3. RADIUS OF VESSLES

RADIUS OF THE VESSLES IS MOST IMPORTANT

Front 31

During and ECG, the QRS complex corresponds to

Back 31

VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION

Front 32

Beginning with the entrance of blood into the superior and inferior vena cavae, describe the path of blood flow through the pulmonary and systemic circulation. Include the following terms: right and left ventricle, right and left atrium, lungs, aorta, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins.

Back 32

SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR RIGHT ATRIUM 
RIGHT VENT 
PULM ARTERIE 
LUNGS
PULM VEINS
LEFT ATRIUM 
LEFT VENT 
AORTA

Front 33

The thin filaments of a muscle cell are composed of the protein

Back 33

ACTIN

Front 34

Place the following statements about muscle contraction in the proper sequence
1. Crossbridge Formation
2. Ca++ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
3. Powerstroke and muscle contraction
4. APs are generated across the sarcolemma and down the t-tubules
5. Somatic motor neuron releases acetycholine at the NMJ

Back 34

5
4
2
1
3

Front 35

What neurotransmitter is released at the NMJ?

Back 35

acetylcoline

Front 36

Sometimes, aerobic respiration cannot keep up the demand for ATP. What molecule may also donate phosphate to ADP to make ATP?

Back 36

CREATINE PHOSPHATE OR PHOSPHOCREATIN

Front 37

Regarding the contraction of smooth muscle, place the following statements in the correct order:
1. MLCK activates myosin.
2. Ca++ enters through channels in the membrane.
3. Ca++ bind to calmodulin. 4. MLCK is activated.
5. Crossbridge formation and powerstroke.

Back 37

2
3
4
1
5

Front 38

What ion is sequestered in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Back 38

CALCIUM

Front 39

Involuntary muscle includes

Back 39

CARDIAC AND SMOOTH

Front 40

ATP in muscle cells is formed during ___________. If oxygen is limited, skeletal muscle can utilize __________ for a short time, before muscle fatique sets in

Back 40

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

ANEROBIC RESP